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MSK II Exam 2 > Dinosaur Fingers > Flashcards

Dinosaur Fingers Flashcards

1
Q

Syndactyly

A

webbed

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2
Q

Brachydactyly

A

short

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3
Q

Symbrachydactyly

A

short, webbed

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4
Q

Synostosis

A

fused

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5
Q

Symphalangism

A

stiff

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6
Q

Polydactyly

A

too many

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7
Q

Camptodactyly

A

bent

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8
Q

clinodactyly

A

slanted

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9
Q

macrodactyly

A

large

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10
Q

Arachnodactyly

A

spider like

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11
Q

limb differences

A

upper limb more common than lower limb

unilateral– most on right side

associated anomalies: about half of cases, esp. with radial defects

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12
Q

Words we don’t use

A

hand deformities
hand abnormalities
good hand/ bad hand
normal hand/ abnormal hand

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13
Q

words we do use

A

hand difference
Big hand/ little hand
Right hand/ left hand

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14
Q

Hand formation

A

Day 27- arm bud begins to develop

Day 28-30 well formed arm bud
- upper bud precedes lower by 48 hours

Day 34-38 hand paddle has formed

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15
Q

Matureation of the hand

A

Week 6- ossification centers obvious

Week 7- fingers completelly separate-(- syndactyly)

Week 8- Joint spaces begin to develop - pre-programmed cell death (apoptosis). (Synostosis occurs here)

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16
Q

Limb development

A

mesenchymal core,
ectodermal covering

Apical ectodermal ridge (AER)
- removal of AER yields shortened extremity

Zone of polarizing activity (ZPO)- posterior border of AER.
Error here yields mirror hand.

17
Q

Vascular system development

A

Capillary network forms marginal sinus under the AER

Gradual development of discreet venous and lymphatic channels

During 4th week of gestation vessels migrate into the limb bud

18
Q

Vascular maturation

A

median artery is first to form

Radial and ulnar arteries outgrow the median and interosseous arteries

19
Q

Timing is everything

A

During vascular maturation:

  • vertebral formation
  • kidney formation
  • cardiac formation
  • Tracheal and esophageal formation
  • Gut formation

If the process is immature, it may go awry

48 hours later, all is well and the lower limb develops normally

20
Q

Multifactorial influences

A

Most limb deficiencies do not have a genetic basis

Vascular origins

  • vasoconstriction (chorionic villus sampling)
  • hemorrhage
  • Thrombosis
  • Embolization
21
Q

Most cases are sporadic, but here are some syndromes

A

VATER, VACTERL
TAR (thrombocytopenia absent radius)
FANCONI’s ANEMIA

Some cases of familial inheritance

22
Q

a thumb issue

A

delta phalanx triphalangeal thumb

23
Q

cleft hand inheritance

A

autosomal dominant

24
Q

self esteem: how we can set the stage

A

I was born like this

It does make some stuff harder but,

I’m good at figuring stuff out

MSK II Exam 2 (16 decks)

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