Diños de investigacion estadisticos Flashcards
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What are non-experimental research designs?
These are studies conducted without deliberate manipulation of variables, observing phenomena in their natural environment for analysis.
What are the characteristics of non-experimental research designs?
- No intentional manipulation of variables. 2. Low control of extraneous variables. 3. Results analyzed with descriptive statistics. 4. Based on observation of the phenomenon. 5. Often field research. 6. No random selection.
What are the types of non-experimental research designs?
- Cross-sectional: collects data at one moment to describe variables. 2. Longitudinal: collects data over time to infer changes.
What are cross-sectional studies?
Research that collects data at a single moment to describe variables and analyze their incidence.
What are exploratory studies?
These studies begin to understand a variable or event through initial observation. They are often the preamble for other designs.
What are descriptive studies?
These aim to investigate the incidence of modalities or levels of a variable in a population, consisting of purely descriptive studies.
What are correlational studies?
These aim to relate two or more variables without asserting causality, measuring the degree of relationship.
What are longitudinal studies?
Studies that collect data at different points in time to evidence changes in a phenomenon over time.
What are trend studies?
These analyze changes over time in categories or variables and their relationships with a population.
What are cohort studies?
These examine changes over time in specific populations or groups identified by a common characteristic.
What are panel studies?
Research where the same cases and participants are measured or observed at all times, maintaining a static sample.
What are pre-experimental designs?
These have a lower degree of internal control and serve as pilot studies to approach a phenomenon, administering treatment to generate hypotheses.
What are the characteristics of pre-experimental designs?
- Measure cause-effect relationships. 2. Provide little or no control over extraneous variables. 3. Cases chosen for convenience. 4. Treatment manipulation present. 5. Poor internal validity.
What are single-group designs?
These apply a post-test to a group after administering a treatment to observe the level of the group in certain variables.
What are single-group designs with pretest-posttest?
A group receives a pre-treatment test, then treatment, and finally a post-treatment test to measure effects.
What are statistical designs with two groups?
These use two groups, one receiving treatment and the other a placebo, comparing post-test results to analyze treatment effects.
What are specific controls for extraneous variables?
Controls to address external invalidity, including interactions between administration of tests and biases due to non-random selection.
