Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Mycology > Dimorphic Fungi > Flashcards

Dimorphic Fungi Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the etiological agent(s) of Blastomycosis?

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the etiological agent(s) of Histoplasmosis?

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the etiological agent(s) of coccidioidomycosis?

A

Coccidioides immitis

Coccidioides posadasii

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the etiological agent(s) of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Paracoccidioides brasilienis

Paracoccidioides lutzi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the endemic regions of Blastomycosis?

A

Ohio, Mississippi & St. Lawrence river valleys
Great Lakes
Appalachians

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the endemic regions of Histoplasmosis?

A

Ohio, & Mississippi river valleys

Latin America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the endemic regions of coccidioidomycosis?

A

West Texas, Southwest U.S., Northern Mexico, Desert New Mexico, Arizona, California

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the endemic regions of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Mexico, Central & South America

Greatest in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Of the South American countries, where is Paracoccidioidomycosis not found?

A

Chile & Nicaragua

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the Saprobic cells of Blastomycosis

A

Conidia hyphae

  • one-celled
  • smooth-walled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the Saprobic cells of Histoplasmosis

A

Ramified hyphae with Micro- and Macroconidia

- Single, round & has short nodules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the Saprobic cells of coccidioidomycosis

A

Arthoconidia hyphae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the Saprobic cells of Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

Hyphae with a cork-like spore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the parasitic cells of Blastomycosis

A

Yeast

  • Large cells
  • Thick walls
  • Wide bud base
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the parasitic cells of Histoplasmosis

A

Yeast

- small intracellular (typically in macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the parasitic cells of coccidioidomycosis

A

Spherule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the parasitic cells of Paracoccidioidomycosis

A

Yeast with multiple budding sites (steering wheel)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the transition requirements for Histoplasma capsulatum?

A

Temperature
Sulfur
low redox potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does Blastomycosis reproduce inside the host?

A

Asexual budding

20
Q

How does Histoplasmosis reproduce inside the host?

A

Asexual budding

21
Q

How does coccidioidomycosis reproduce inside the host?

A

Asexual endosporulation

22
Q

How does Paracoccidioidomycosis reproduce inside the host?

A

Asexual budding multipolar

23
Q

What is the route of infection for Blastomycosis?

A

Inhalation of infectious particles

24
Q

What is the route of infection for Histoplasmosis?

A

Inhalation of infectious particles

25
Q

What is the route of infection for coccidioidomycosis?

A

Inhalation of infectious particles

26
Q

What is the route of infection for Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

Maybe contact with the oropharyngeal mucosal or inhalation of infectious particles

27
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Blastomycosis?

A
  • Pulmonary infection
  • Dissemination
  • Subcutaneous Nodules
  • Ulcerations of the Skin
28
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Histoplasmosis?

A
  • Pulmonary infection
  • Dissemination
  • TB-like Mucosal & Nodule lesions
  • Lung Calcifications
29
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of coccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Pulmonary infection
  • Dissemination
  • Desert Arthritis
30
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Pulmonary infection
  • Dissemination
  • Mucosal Lesions
  • Ulcers & Crusting of the Skin
31
Q

What is the ratio of Males to Females infected with Blastomycosis?

A

10:1 favoring men

32
Q

What is the ratio of Males to Females infected with Histoplasmosis?

A

10:1 favoring middle-aged white men

33
Q

What is the ratio of Males to Females infected with coccidioidomycosis?

A

comparable rates in both sexes

- favor pregnant women in their 3rd trimester

34
Q

What is the ratio of Males to Females infected with Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A

95% Men, 5% of women

35
Q

What are the things that would increase the risk of contracting Blastomycosis?

A
  • Forest Cutters

- Outdoor Sports

36
Q

What are the things that would increase the risk of contracting Histoplasmosis?

A
  • working in contaminated soil with bird or bat droppings

- Immuno suppressed

37
Q

What are the things that would increase the risk of contracting coccidioidomycosis?

A
  • working/living in dry, arid regions of endemic areas
  • women in their 3rd trimester
  • Immuno suppressed
38
Q

What are the things that would increase the risk of contracting Paracoccidioidomycosis?

A
  • Agricultural related occupation
  • rural residency
  • smoking & drinking
  • IL-12 gene mutation
39
Q

Diagnosis for Blastomycosis

A
  • Microscopy exam
  • Culture
  • serology
  • PCR
40
Q

Diagnosis for Histoplasmosis

A
  • Direct Examination of a tissue sample
  • Culture
  • Serology
  • Skin test
41
Q

Diagnosis for coccidioidomycosis

A
  • Skin test
  • Serology
  • Microscopic detection of cells in body fluids, exudates, sputum or biopsy-tissue
  • Radiographs of the lungs
42
Q

Diagnosis for Paracoccidioidomycosis

A
  • Histopathology of granulomas
  • radiographs of the lungs
  • Serology
43
Q

how to treat Blastomycosis

A
  • Amphotericin B

- Itraconazole

44
Q

how to treat Histoplasmosis

A
  • Amphotericin B

- Itraconazole

45
Q

how to treat coccidioidomycosis

A
  • Amphotericin B with Triazole

- Azoles like fluconazle

46
Q

how to treat Paracoccidioidomycosis

A
  • Amphotericin B with sulfa- or azoles
  • Itraconazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Ketoconazole
47
Q

Why would you not want to use Itraconazole during a fungal infection that is causing meningitis?

A

it does not cross the blood-brain barrier

Medical Mycology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions