DIGNITY OF DEATH AND DYING, ADVANCE DIRECTIVES AND DO NOT RESUSCITATE (DNR)

Question 1

painless and peaceful death: it is deliberate putting to death in an easy, painless way, of an individual suffering from an incurable and
agonizing disease.

Answer 1

Euthanasia

Question 2

in which the terminally ill patient will deliberately, directly terminate his/her life by employing painless methods- it is an act of commission as it is voluntary and deliberate.

Answer 2

COMMISSION

active (positive) euthanasia

Question 3

in which one allows oneself to die without taking any medications or by refusing medical treatment it is an act of omission as one simply refuses to take anything to sustain life

Answer 3

OMISSION
Passive (negative) euthanasia

Question 4

is one in which either a physician, a spouse or a friend of a patient will terminate the patient’s life upon his/her request.

Answer 4

Active and voluntary euthanasia

Question 5

is one in which the terminally ill patients is simply allowed to dies by the physician, spouse or an immediate relative upon the patient’s request

Answer 5

Passive and voluntary euthanasia

Question 6

occurs when it is the physician, spouse, friend or relative who decides that the life of the
terminally ill patient should be terminated.

Answer 6

Active and non-voluntary euthanasia

Question 7

is one in which a terminally ill patient is simply allowed to die, as requested to immediate family members or the attending physician

Answer 7

Passive and non-voluntary euthanasia

Question 8

is the direct and willful destruction of one’s own
life

Answer 8

suicide

Question 9

Refers to undue prolongation of life and delay of the occurrence of death which in effect lengthens the suffering of the person.

turning death difficult

medical stubbornness or a futile treatment

Answer 9

Dysthanasia

Question 10

It means correct dying, or allowing to die or letting die.

Allowing and acceptance of natural death in its definitely inescapable occurrence in due time as the final moment of one’s earthly life.

Answer 10

Orthothanasia

Question 11

when the treatment to prolong life is useless or futile for the patient, and therefore ought not to be given. We remember the world of the poet: For man to want to live when God wants him to die is madness.

Answer 11

First possibility

Question 12

when the prolongation of life or the postponement of death is unduly burdensome in the first place for the patient. Also for the family. On this point, the Catechism of the Catholic Church summarizes the traditional teaching of the magisterium: “Discontinuing medical procedures that are burdensome, dangerous, extraordinary, or disproportionate to the expected outcome can be legitimate; it is the refusal of ‘over-zealous’ treatment. Here one does not will to cause death; one’s inability to impede it is merely accepted”

Answer 12

Second possibility for letting die

Question 13

when the patient needs painkillers or medical sedation, which does not intend the death of the patient. These painkillers directly mitigate suffering and indirectly may shorten life.

Answer 13

Third possibility for allowing to die

Question 14

is an option of last resort for patients whose symptoms cannot be controlled by any other means. It is not a form of euthanasia, as the goal of this is to control symptoms, rather than to shorten the patient’s life.

is the practice of relieving distress in a terminally ill person in the last hours or days of the dying patient’s life, usually by means of a
continuous intravenous or subcutaneous infusion of a sedative drug, or by means of a specialized
catheter designed to provide comfortable and discreet administration of ongoing medications via
rectal route.

Answer 14

Palliative sedation

Question 15

Is a legal document in which a person specifies what actions should be taken for their health if they are no longer able to make decisions for themselves because of illness or incapacity.

Answer 15

Advance Directives

Question 16

more restricted type of advance directive because you only make decisions about life sustaining procedure in the event that your death from a terminal conditions is impending.

Answer 16

living will

Question 17

Is a document (legal instrument) with which a patient appoints an agent to legally make health care decisions on behalf of the patient, when he or she is incapable of making and executing healthcare decisions

Answer 17

Healthcare proxy

Question 18

Written authorization to represent or act on another ‘s behalf if private affairs, business, or some other legal matter, sometimes against the wishes of the other party

Answer 18

Power of attorney

Question 19

means that in the event of cardiac arrest, no CPR or electric shock will be performed to restart the heart.

Answer 19

DNR

Question 20

means that the proposed therapy should not be performed because available data show that it will not improve the patient’s medical condition.

Answer 20

Medical Futility

Question 21

occurs when we sense that there is a moral problem, but are not sure of the morally correct action;

Answer 21

Moral Uncertainty

Question 22

a problem that requires a choice between two options that are equally unfavorable and mutually exclusive.

Answer 22

Moral/ethical dilemma

Question 23

binds all of a person’s moral virtues into a coherent package it creates a wholeness and stability of character that leads to trustworthiness.

Answer 23

Moral integrity

Question 24

they hear what patients
say and understand the meaning

Answer 24

Sensitivity, compassion, and caring

Question 25

has a sense of duty to the patient, an obligation to do whatever is necessary, within reason, to care for the patient or solve a problem

Answer 25

Responsibility

Question 26

suggests that a person has self-confidence
that he or she can effect change.

Answer 26

Empowerment

Question 27

During a crisis, people struggle to understand the situation and their feelings. They work to clarify and articulate their views and relate them to a framework of values. The nurse must listen and be patient and able to live with vagueness, confusion, uncertainty, and paradox. The nurse should provide a safe environment and gently assist patients, families, and colleagues as they work through the ethical decision-making process.

Answer 27

Patience and willingness to deliberate

Question 28

occurs when a terminally ill, mentally competent adult patient, who is likely to die within six months, takes prescribed medicines, which must be self-administered, to end suffering and achieve a peaceful death

Answer 28

Medical aid in dying

Question 29

occurs when someone other than the patient administers medication in any form with the intention of hastening the patient’s death

Answer 29

Euthanasia

Question 30

Hallmarks of end-of-life care

Answer 30

Respect for patient self-determination

Nonjudgmental support for patients’ end-of-life preferences and values

Prevention and alleviation of suffering

Question 31

defined as the irreversible cessation of all vital
functions especially heart, respiration, and higher brain
function

Answer 31

Death

Question 32

Assessing the Physiological signs of approaching death.

Answer 32

• Physical Care
• Psychological Care
• Social Care
• Spiritual Care

Question 33

The suffering person dies with another person’s help.
- Refers to cases where the person who is going to die needs help to kill themselves and asks for it.
- It may be something as simple as getting drugs for the person and putting those drugs within their reach.

Answer 33

Physician Assisted Suicide

Question 34

How many person must be a witnessed when signing a healthcare directive?

Answer 34

2 persons

Question 35

Is it possible that the witness is related to the patient or expect to inherit anything from the patient and can they be a hospital employees, staff, attending doctors or employees of the
attending doctor?

Answer 35

NO

Question 36

is the medical term for cessation of blood circulation and breathing, the two necessary criteria to sustain human and many other organisms’ lives. Occurs when the heart stops beating in a regular rhythm, a condition called cardiac arrest.

Answer 36

Clinical death

Question 37

Separation of soul and body

Answer 37

Religious or philosophical

Question 38

Brain is completely destroyed, cessation of all other organs are imminent and inevitable (EEG and ECG)

Answer 38

Brain death

Question 39

Disintegration and breakdown of the metabolic processes of the body’s substance. Irreversible loss of neo-cortical activity

Answer 39

Cellular

Question 40

Signs of Death (Traditional)

Answer 40

Rigor mortis (putrefaction)
* Absence of breathing and heartbeat
* Cessation of SPONTANEOUS heart and lung functions (clinical signs)
* DUE TO ADVANCES IN
TECHNOLOGY NEW SET OF
CLINICAL SIGNS OF DEATH WERE CONSIDERED

Question 41

• Euthanasia made with consent of patient
• Is committed with the willing and autonomous cooperation of the subject. This means that the subject us free from direct or indirect pressure form others.

Answer 41

Voluntary Euthanasia

Question 42

Occurs when the person is unconscious or otherwise unable to make a meaningful choice between living and dying.

-An appropriate person takes the decision on their behalf.

Answer 42

Non- voluntary Euthanasia

Question 43

Occurs when the person who dies chooses life and is killed anyway

This is usually called murder, but it is possible to imagine cases where the killing would count as being for the benefit of the person who dies.

Answer 43

Involuntary Euthanasia

Question 44

Pattern of decision making

Answer 44

1. Recognizing a problem
2. Gathering data
3. Comparing options/action implies uncertainty
4. Making a choice/implemented decision