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Process > Digital Tuning > Flashcards

Digital Tuning Flashcards

1
Q

What tuning parameters would you use for flow of liquid and gas?

  • P
  • PI
  • PID
  • Adaptive
  • Feedforward
A

Liquid> PI

Gas> PI

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2
Q

What tuning parameters would you use for pressure control of liquids, gases, and vapour?

  • P
  • PI
  • PID
  • Adaptive
  • Feedforward
A

Gas> P
Liquids> P or PI
Vapour> PID or Feed Forward Control

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3
Q

What tuning parameters would you use for level control of liquid in Surge and Tight Control

  • P
  • PI
  • PID
  • Adaptive
  • Feedforward
A

Tight control 5% to 10%> P or PI

Surge> P or PI

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4
Q

What tuning parameters would you use for Temperature

  • P
  • PI
  • PID
  • Adaptive
  • Feedforward
A

Temp> PID or Feedforward Control

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5
Q

What tuning parameter would you use for Composition Control

  • P
  • PI
  • PID
  • Feedforward
  • Adaptive
A

PID, Adaptive, Feedforward

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6
Q

When calculating tuning settings for a PID controller what happens if Td is less then .1 min?

A

Redo calculations as a PI controller, b/c controller is fast enough already

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7
Q

How does the interactive PID algorithm work?

A

Proportional effects Derivative, and both effect Integral

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8
Q

How does Standard PID algorithm work?

Most tuning rules are based on this algorithm

A

Proportional effects both Derivative and Integral, but Derivative and Integral don’t effect each other.

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9
Q

How does Parallel algorithm work?

A

Parallel removes any interaction between all three actions.

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10
Q

If load disturbances significantly affects the Non-Linear control loop what are three possible solutions and how do they work?

A
  1. Detune loop: tune loop for steepest slope, where its loop gain is highest. At all other points control will be slow
  2. Multipoint characterizer: find actual results versus entered and compensate.
  3. Adaptive control: cut graph in half, find loop gain for them and enter them in for desired regions.
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11
Q

True or False: Equal % valve linearizes control loop for load disturbances and SP changes

A

False.

Linearizes load changes, non-linear for SP changes

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12
Q

List 3 components that cause non-linearity in a control loop.
Hint: 3 components of a control loop

A
  1. TX
  2. Process
  3. FCE
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13
Q

How does Parallel algorithm work?

A

Parallel removes any interaction between all three actions.

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14
Q

If load disturbances significantly affects the Non-Linear control loop what are three possible solutions and how do they work?

A
  1. Detune loop: tune loop for steepest slope, where its loop gain is highest. At all other points control will be slow
  2. Multipoint characterizer: find actual results versus entered and compensate.
  3. Adaptive control: cut graph in half, find loop gain for them and enter them in for desired regions.
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15
Q

True or False: Equal % valve linearizes control loop for load disturbances and SP changes

A

False.

Linearizes load changes, non-linear for SP changes

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16
Q

List 3 components that cause non-linearity in a control loop.
Hint: 3 components of a control loop

A
  1. TX
  2. Process
  3. FCE
17
Q

A Controller is tuned for 1/4 Amp decay, SP change causes the to CO kick to its limits. What actions are reacting to error?

A

PID action on error, making the PV overshoot the SP making the CO kick.
Overshoot

18
Q

A Controller is tuned for 1/4 Amp decay, SP change causes a Proportional kick, what actions are reacting to error?

A

PI action on error, D action on how fast the PV changes. This way there is no Derivative action or kick to SP.
Undershoot/Underdamped

19
Q

A Controller is tuned for 1/4 Amp decay, SP change causes PV to slowly raise to SP with zero overshoot. What action reacts to error?

A

I action reacts to error, P and D reacts to PV changes.

Critically under damped.

20
Q

Proportional, Integral, and Derivative can all give unwanted responses in a closed loop response. What are they?

A
  • Proportional and Derivative give CO response kicks. Can be softened with filter set point changes (first order) and set point ramping. (Proportional ramp)
  • Integral gives reset wind-up, can be mitigated by using output limits to limit the wind up able to be used.
21
Q

3 types of disturbances.

A
  1. Transient: temporary change in a parameter that effects controlled variable. Accidental decrease in supply pressure.
  2. Load: deliberate change in throughput of system. Increase in flow creates load disturbances deviating from SP
  3. Setpoint: SP change creates SP disturbance.
22
Q

Specified Decay Ratio defines how quickly the amplitude of oscillations decrease. What is the equation?

A

DR= Little Peak/Big Peak

23
Q

What controlled variable responses are Underdamped and critically damped?

A

Zero overshoot: first order critically damped

Specified decay ratio: Underdamped.

24
Q

What does robustness mean in a loop?

A

The more robust a loop is the more stable the loop is to load disturbances. The controller proportional gain is set so the dynamic gain of the loop is below 1 (prevents oscillations). More robust the slower response

25
Q

What is gain and phase margin?

A

Phase margin: how many degrees until phase shift equals 180. Apparent dead time in loop. Higher the phase margin, more robust
Gain margin: measurement of how much the control loop gain can change before loop is unstable. Higher gain margin, more robust.

26
Q

What response does Lambda tuning give you?

A

Over-damped (First Order)

27
Q

What does adding Integral Action do?

A
  • eliminates offset
  • loop becomes less Robust
  • Changes loops Frequency
  • Frequency of loop decreases, giving it longer period
  • Kcu goes down
28
Q

What does adding Derivative action do?

A
  • Changes loop Frequency, makes period shorter.
  • Changes loop Dynamic gain
  • Increases Kcu
  • Tends to make loop more stable since PV is brought back to SP faster
29
Q

List three things needed to be configured to achieve Bump,Es Transfer?

A
  1. SP tracks PV in Manual
  2. PID Algorithm tracks CO in manual
  3. Controller manual tracks CO in auto
30
Q

What is Derivative Gain or Derivative Filter is and what it is used for

A

Provides a First Order response to the Derivative action and is used to mitigate noise and soften responses.

Process (2 decks)

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