DIGITAL, RESEARCH, SPACE Flashcards
Berlin Declaration?
on Digital Society and Value Based Digital Government (2020)
What are the six themes of the Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles?
- People in the centre
- Solidarity and inclusion
- Freedom of choice
- Participation
- Safety and security
- Sustainability
What does the Digital Decade 2030 policy programme guide?
It guides Europe’s digital transformation by setting targets, monitoring, and providing objectives and principles for EU and Member State actions.
What are the four domains in which the Digital Decade 2030 policy programme sets targets?
- Skills
- Government
- Infrastructure
- Business
What is the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI)?
It measures the digital performance of EU Member States across four categories: human capital, connectivity, integration of digital technologies, and digital public services.
What is the purpose of the AI Act?
It regulates the use of artificial intelligence based on a risk-based approach, ensuring safety while allowing for innovation.
What are the four categories of AI risk classification in the AI Act?
- Minimal risk
- High risk
- Unacceptable risk
- Specific transparency risk
What is the aim of the Data Governance Act?
To make more personal and non-personal data available and facilitate data sharing across sectors and EU countries.
What does the Data Act clarify?
It clarifies who can use what data under what conditions and aims to ensure fairness in the allocation of data value.
What is the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)?
It defines individuals’ fundamental rights in the digital age and the obligations of those processing data, with compliance methods and sanctions.
What are the main objectives of the Digital Services Act (DSA)?
To create a safe online space and ensure fair competition by prohibiting illegal content and providing protections for users.
What are the requirements set by the Digital Markets Act (DMA) for gatekeeper platforms?
- Allow third parties to inter-operate
- Allow business users to promote their offers
- Do not favor own services
What does the NIS2 Directive aim to achieve?
It aims to boost cybersecurity across the EU by expanding the scope of the original NIS Directive and enhancing member state preparedness.
What is the purpose of the Critical Entities Resilience (CER) Directive?
To ensure the resilience of critical entities across various sectors, requiring member states to adopt national strategies for risk assessments.
What does the Cybersecurity Act strengthen?
It strengthens the EU Agency for cybersecurity (ENISA) and establishes a cybersecurity certification framework.
What is the objective of the European Chips Act?
To increase the EU’s share of semiconductor production to 20% by 2030 and support investment in the semiconductor ecosystem.
What does the new strategy for a better internet for kids (BIK+) focus on?
- Safe digital experience
- Digital empowerment
- Active participation
What is the European Digital Identity (EUDI) Regulation?
It will create a universal, trustworthy, and secure European digital identity wallet for citizens and businesses.
What is the aim of the COM proposal for a directive on adapting non-contractual civil liability rules to artificial intelligence?
To establish liability rules for AI-related damages, still under consideration.
What percentage of the EU27 population had basic digital skills in 2021?
65%
True or False: The EU’s data economy was valued at €325 billion in 2019.
True
Fill in the blank: The value of the data economy in the EU27 is projected to reach over €____ billion by 2025.
550
What are the primary components of the EU’s Cybersecurity Strategy for the Digital Decade?
- Resilience, technical sovereignty, and leadership
- Operational capacity to prevent, deter, and respond
- Cooperation to advance global and open cyberspace
What is COREnect?
A 2-year Coordination and Support Action project selected by the European Commission under Horizon 2020, starting on 1st July 2020.
What is the main focus of COREnect?
To develop a high-level strategic roadmap of core technologies for future connectivity systems and components.
What does BEREC stand for?
Body of European Regulators for Electronic Communications.
What is the main funding amount for the Digital Europe Programme?
€7.59 billion.
What are the five crucial areas of calls under the Digital Europe Programme?
- Supercomputing
- Artificial intelligence
- Cybersecurity
- Advanced digital skills
- Ensuring the wide use of digital technologies across the economy and society.
How much EU funding was allocated for AI research and innovation in 2022?
€3 billion.
Name three world-class supercomputers located in the EU.
- LUMI (Finland)
- Leonardo (Italy)
- MareNostrum 5 (Spain).
What is DestinE?
A flagship initiative to develop a highly accurate digital model of the Earth on a global scale.
What is Simpl?
A secure middleware platform supporting data access and interoperability among European data spaces.
What percentage of the EU population has basic digital skills?
55.6%.
What is the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)?
A policy framework guiding EU actions on foreign affairs and security, including a common defence policy.
What principles guide the CFSP?
- Democracy
- Rule of law
- Universality of human rights
- Respect for human dignity
- Principles of equality and solidarity.
What role does the High Representative play in the CFSP?
Chairs the Foreign Affairs Council, makes proposals, ensures implementation of decisions, and represents the Union externally.
What is the Political and Security Committee (PSC)?
A committee that monitors the international situation and contributes to policy formation within the CFSP.
What is the European Union Military Committee (EUMC)?
The highest military body within the Council, composed of the Chiefs of Defence of Member States.
What does the Military Planning and Conduct Capability (MPCC) do?
Responsible for operational planning and conduct of the EU’s non-executive military missions.
What is the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP)?
Part of the CFSP that encompasses defence and crisis management, allowing the EU to deploy civilian and military operations.
What are the six types of operations included in CSDP?
- Conflict prevention
- Peace-keeping
- Joint disarmament operations
- Military advice
- Humanitarian assistance
- Post-conflict stabilisation.
What is Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO)?
A framework for Member States to jointly develop defence capabilities and coordinate investments.
What are the four pillars of the Strategic Compass?
- Partner
- Invest
- Act
- Secure.
What is the EU Civil Protection Mechanism?
A mechanism aimed at improving cooperation among EU countries in response to disasters.
What is rescEU?
A reserve of European capacities established to respond to health emergencies, fully funded by the EU.
What is the budget for EU humanitarian aid in 2024?
€1.8 billion.
How many times was the EU Civil Protection Mechanism activated in 2023?
66 times.
How many countries does the organization reach each year?
110 countries
Reaching millions of people across the globe each year.
What is the total budget for the period 2021-2027?
€11.57 billion
In 2021 prices.
What is the purpose of the EU Solidarity and Emergency Aid Reserve?
Respond to unforeseen events and major crises
Financing humanitarian, civilian crisis management, and protection operations in non-EU countries.
How many partner organizations does the EC work with to provide humanitarian assistance?
About 200 partner organizations
What is the budget for the European Defence Fund (EDF) for 2021-2027?
Nearly €8 billion
With €2.7 billion allocated for collaborative defence research and €5.3 billion for collaborative capability development projects.
What does the European Defence Industrial Strategy (EDIS) aim to achieve?
Set a vision for European defence industrial policy until 2035
Includes strengthening EDTIB and improving responsiveness of the European defence industry.
What is the budget for the European Defence Industrial Programme (EDIP) from 2025-2027?
€1.5 billion from the EU budget
What does the European Defence Industry Reinforcement Procurement Act (EDIRPA) promote?
Cooperation between at least three Member States for common procurement of defence products
Budget: €310 million.
What is the objective of the Act in Support of Ammunition Production (ASAP)?
Support immediate ramp-up of ammunition and missile production capacity in the EU
How many military and civilian personnel are deployed in ongoing missions and operations?
3,500 military personnel and 1,300 civilian personnel
What was the first military mission launched by the EU?
Concordia in North Macedonia
What is the budget of the European Peace Facility for the period 2021-2027?
More than €17 billion
What is the estimated total EU support for the Ukrainian army?
€43.5 billion
What is the training mission for Ukrainian soldiers’ objective?
Train Ukrainian soldiers
64,000 soldiers trained since the launch of the mission.
When was the Support Group for Ukraine (SGUA) established?
April 2014
How many members does NATO currently have?
32 members
What is the purpose of the EU-NATO Task Force launched in March 2023?
Enhance resilience of critical infrastructure
What are the Petersberg tasks?
Humanitarian search and rescue tasks, peacekeeping tasks, crisis-management tasks
Set out in the Petersberg Declaration adopted in June 1992.
What is the budget of Horizon Europe?
€95.5 billion
What are the three pillars of Horizon Europe?
- Excellent science
- Global challenges and European industrial competitiveness
- Innovative Europe
What is the mission of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT)?
Increase Europe’s competitiveness and sustainable economic growth
What is the budget of the European Innovation Council (EIC)?
EUR 10.1 billion
What are the five mission areas of Horizon Europe?
- Adaptation to climate change
- Cancer
- Healthy oceans, seas
- Climate-neutral and smart cities
- Soil health and food
What is Copernicus?
The most advanced Earth observation system in the world
What is Galileo?
The EU’s own global navigation satellite system
What does EGNOS improve?
Navigation services to aviation, maritime and land-based users
What is the purpose of the Space Situational Awareness (SSA) system?
Ensure no clashes in space with debris
What is the purpose of SSA (Space Situational Awareness)?
Monitoring system ensuring no clashes in space with debris and providing accurate information on the space environment.
SSA covers Space Surveillance and Tracking, Near-Earth Objects, and Space Weather Events.
What does the SSA encompass?
1) Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST)
2) Near-Earth Objects (NEO)
3) Space Weather Events (SWE)
SST tracks space objects; NEO monitors risk from natural objects like asteroids; SWE addresses space weather impacts.
What is GOVSATCOM?
Satellite Communication for governmental users ensuring reliable, secure, and cost-effective communications services for EU and national public authorities.
GOVSATCOM supports security-critical missions and infrastructures.
What are the key pillars of the EU space strategy for security and defence?
1) Shared understanding of space threats
2) Enhancing resilience and protection of space systems
3) Strengthening EU’s collective response capability
4) Developing dual-use space capabilities
5) Fostering global partnerships
The strategy aims to reinforce the EU’s role as a global space power.
What is CASSINI?
An initiative supporting entrepreneurs, start-ups, and SMEs in the space industry from 2021-2027.
It includes a €1 billion fund, hackathons, mentoring, and business acceleration.
What does the Observatory of Critical Technologies (OCT) do?
Monitors and analyses critical technologies and supply chains for space and defence.
The OCT was established following the Action Plan on Synergies between civil, defence, and space industries.
What is the IRIS2 project?
Future satellite constellation providing secure communication and high-speed internet broadband.
Estimated cost is €6 billion, with delivery by 2050.
What are the objectives of IRIS2?
1) Worldwide access to secure governmental satellite communication services
2) Provision of commercial services by the private sector
IRIS2 aims to enhance connectivity and resilience.
What are the main features of the IRIS2 project?
Security, innovation, capability, governance, and eligibility conditions to avoid dependencies on third parties.
These features ensure the project meets strategic objectives.
What is the purpose of the proposal for an integrated EU approach to Space Traffic Management (EU STM)?
To secure the long-term viability of space activities and ensure a sustainable, safe, and secure environment.
It includes gathering requirements, enhancing capabilities, fostering regulatory aspects, and promoting international approaches.
What is EU Space Law (EUSL)?
Common EU rules for the safety, resilience, and sustainability of space activities and operations.
This initiative is based on several approaches and ideas related to space governance.
