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SU14 - Radiology Exam 2 > digital imaging > Flashcards

digital imaging Flashcards

1
Q

digitization

A

to represent a particular object in form of numerical digits

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2
Q

digital image

A

radiographic image represented in a digital format

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3
Q

direct digital imaging

A

radiographic images obtained by xray exposure of solid state image detectors

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4
Q

2 types of direct digital imaging

A

charge coupled device (CCD)

complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)

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5
Q

pixel

A

picture element (2 dimensional structure that makes up a voxel)

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6
Q

voxel

A

3 dimensional structure

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7
Q

advantages of CCD

A

instant availability of images
better image quality
durable
consistent image quality

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8
Q

disadvantages of CCD (4)

A

expensive
bulky
wire attachment
smaller active area compared to film

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9
Q

advantages of CMOS (5)

A 
instant availability of image
durable
consistent image quality
less expensive than CCD
slightly more rugged than CCD
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10
Q

disadvantages of CMOS

A

expensive
bulky
wire attachment
smaller active area compared to film

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11
Q

indirect digital imaging

A

radiographic images obtained by exposing a digital image detector and scanning or digital photo capture of film radiographs

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12
Q

3 types of indirect digital imaging

A

photostimulable storage phosphor plate (PSP)
scanning a film
taking digital photos of film

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13
Q

which type of indirect digital imaging is best for pediatric dentistry?

A

PSP

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14
Q

phosphor

A

europium doped barium fluorohalide (BaFBr:Eu)

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15
Q

which layer absorbs xray photon?

A

phosphor layer

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16
Q

the number of electrons stored is proportional to

A

xray photons

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17
Q

advantages of PSP

A

well tolerated

economically priced

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18
Q

disadvantages of PSP (5)

A 
short life span
read out should be done ASAP
requires processing
semi-dark room is required
requires exposure to bright light for erasing previous image before reuse
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19
Q

contrast resolution

A

ability to distinguish different densities in radiographic image

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20
Q

8 bit equals how many densities

A

256

21
Q

16 bits equal how many densities

A

65536

22
Q

human eye is capable of distinguishing ____ gray levels

A

60

23
Q

less than ____ gray levels are distinguishable in dental office

A

30

24
Q

spatial resolution

A

ability to identify 2 objects placed very close to each other

25
Q

d speed film: more than ___ line pairs/mm
digital image: __-___ line pairs/mm
normal untrained eye: __-__ line pairs/mm

A

20
7-24
4-6

26
Q

detector latitude

A

ability of an image detector to capture a range of xray exposures of tissue densities ranging from gingiva to enamel

27
Q

what is useful range of detector latitude?

A

0.5-2.5

28
Q

detector sensitivity

A

ability of detector to respond to a smaller amount of radiation

29
Q

monitor consists of what 3 things

A

display device
circuitry
enclosure

30
Q

what is part of the display device

A

cathode ray tube
thin film transistor
organic light emitting diode

31
Q

image processing

A

an operation that acts to improve, restore, analyze or change a digital image

32
Q

what does image processing improve?

A

diagnostic accuracy

diagnosis

33
Q

image analysis

A

designed to extract important info from an image

34
Q

tools for measurement

A

digital rulers
densitometers
trabecular bone pattern (osteopenia and osteoporosis)

35
Q

advantages of digital imaging

A 
instant images
lower radiation dose
consistent quality
high signal/noise ratio
image manipulation
digital subtraction radiography
36
Q

disadvantages of digital imaging

A

relatively lower resolution than film
quality depends on monitor and printer
higher initial cost

37
Q

DICOM

A

digital imaging and communication in medicine

38
Q

why DICOM

A

Portability
Integrity
Efficiency

39
Q

spatial resolution (CCD, Film, CMOS, PSP) ranking

A

Film
CCD, CMOS
PSP

40
Q

exposure latitude ranking

A

PSP
CCD, CMOS
Film

41
Q

receptor dimensions ranking

A

CCD, CMOS

PSP, Film

42
Q

time required for image acquisition ranking

A

PSP, Film

CCD, CMOS

43
Q

image quality is…

A

subjective

44
Q

image adjustment/processing is…

A

equal

45
Q

cost

A

high initial cost of digital systems

46
Q

reliability

A

digital systems are more susceptible to problems

47
Q

image storage and retrieval

A

back up is critical for digital systems

48
Q

transmission of images ranking

A

PSP, CCD, CMOS

Film

SU14 - Radiology Exam 2 (5 decks)

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