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RT 212 > Digita Radiograohy: An Overview > Flashcards

Digita Radiograohy: An Overview Flashcards

1
Q

Workhouse of radiology since 1895

A

Film-Screen Radiography

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2
Q

What are the Goals of Digital Radiography?

A
  1. Eliminate film-based imaging systems
  2. Introduce new technologies for the purpose of improving diagnostic interpretation & digital management
  3. Reduce the radiation dose to patient
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3
Q

What are the 8 Digital Image Aquisition Modalities

A
  1. CR - Computed Radiography
  2. DR - Digital Radiography
  3. Digital Mammography
  4. Digital Fluoroscopy for routine GI Fluoroscopy & vascular imaging
  5. CT - Computed Tomography
  6. MRI -Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  7. Nuclear Medicine
  8. Diagnostic Medical Sonography
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4
Q

A digital way of doing general radiography with the use of CONVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY

A

Computed Radiography

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5
Q
  • An advanced form of x-ray inspection which prouces a digital radiographic image instantly on a computer
  • Uses x-ray sensitive plates to capture data during object examination, which is immediately transferred to a computer without the use of an immediate cassette
A

Digital Radiography

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6
Q

low energy x-rays to produce low contrast in soft tissues

A

Digital Mammography

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7
Q

real time; more radiation dose because simultaneous contrast media

A

Digital Fluoroscopy

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8
Q

series of x-ray images at different angles

A

Computed Radiography

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9
Q

injects contrast media to the patient durig the procedure

A

automatic injector

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10
Q

1 CT BRAIN SCAN = ?

A

10,000 Chest PA

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11
Q
  • strong magnetic fields
  • non-ionizing
  • much more expensive for more sophisticated brain images
A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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12
Q
  • small amounts of radioactive materials
A

Nuclear Medicine

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13
Q
  • sound waves
A

Diagnostic Medical Sonography

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14
Q
  • Computer process data collected patient using special electronic detectors that have replaced the X-ray film cassette
  • Filmless radiography
A

Digital Radiography

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15
Q

What are the steps (8) for the process of Digital Radiography

A
  1. X-ray tube
  2. Digital detector
  3. Analog-to-digital converter
  4. Digital data stream
  5. Computer processing
  6. Digtal Image
  7. Digital-to-analog converter
  8. Analog image
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16
Q

Includes image and information managem systems, image storage, and image & data communications

A

Digital Image processing

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17
Q

3 Basic steps of Film-based Radiography

A
  1. X-rays pass through the patient & fall upon the fim to form a latent image
  2. Rendered visible using chemical processing
  3. Displayed on a view box for viewing & interpretation by radiologist
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18
Q

The film appears with ____ as a result of the amount of exposure transmitted by different parts of the anatomy

A

varying degrees of blackening

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19
Q

standard SID for Chest PA

A

72 in”

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20
Q

More exposure produces ____ & Less exposure produces _____

A

more blackening, less blackening

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21
Q

a tool to measure density

A

Penetrometer

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22
Q

Blackening in the image

A

Film Density

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23
Q

Differences in densities in the image

A

Film Contrast

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24
Q

-Refers to the collection of X-rays transmitted through the patient
- first step in the production of the image

A

Data Acquisition

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25
Q

Types of Detectors

A

CCD - Charged Coupled Devices
TFT - Thin Film Transistors

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26
Q

Converts X-ray into light, followed by the conversion of light into electrical signals

A

Indirect Capture Devices

27
Q

Avoids the light-electricity conversion process & convert X-rays directly into electrical signals

A

Direct Capture Devices

28
Q

An electronic integrated circuit used to convert the analog signals such as voltages to digital or binary form consisting of 1s and 0s

A

Analog to Digital Converter

29
Q

-The ADC sends digital data for processing by a computer
- The computer uses special software to create or build up digital images using the binary number system

A

Computer Data Processing

30
Q

Smallest unit of data in computer, discrete units

31
Q

Smallest unit of data, discrete units

32
Q

1 alpha numeric character = ?

A

1 Byte - 8 bits

33
Q

The digital image, must be converted into an analog signal before it can be displayed on a monitor for viewingby the observer

A

Image Display & Post Processing

34
Q

digital to analog converter (turns code to visible picture)

35
Q

Numerical Values of Pixels to Color Value

A

0 - 50 - Black
60 - 100 - Grey
100 -250 - White

36
Q

The vast amount of images generated for the wide range of digital radiology examinations must be stored not only for retrospective analysis but also for medico-legal purposes

A

Image Storage

37
Q

4 Image Storage Devices

A
  1. Magnetic Tapes
  2. Disks
  3. Laser Optical Disks (Long-term Storage)
  4. RAID (Redundant Array of Independent/Inexpensive Disks)
38
Q

Use of computer networks to transmit images from the acquisition phase to the display/viewing & storage phase

A

Image & Data Communications

39
Q

Image transmission within the hospital

A

LAN (Intranet)

40
Q

Outside hospital/Remote locations

A

WAN (Internet)

41
Q

used for storing/archiving & communicating images in the digital radiology department

A

PACS - Picture Archival and Communication System

42
Q

RIS/HIS is integrated with the PACS via computer networks, using communication standards such as DICOM & HL7, for effective managements of patient information

A

Information Systems

43
Q

an important element of image and data communications

A

Image Compression

44
Q

two advantages of Image Compression

A
  • To reduce storage space
  • decrease the image transmission time
45
Q

all data from the original file is preserved

A

Lossless or Reversible Compression

46
Q
  • removes some data from the original file and saves the image with a reduced file size
    -method which eliminate unnoticeable data
A

Lossy or Irreversible Compression

47
Q

Refers to the use of PACS & RIS and HIS to manage the vast number of images & text data produced in a digital radiology department with databases and management software

A

Image & Information Management

48
Q

Handles essential textual information

49
Q

Handles images generated by the various digital imaging modalities

50
Q

what concept was originated in 1998

A

IHE - Integrating the Health Care Enterprise

51
Q

IHE was developed by

A

Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) & Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HMSS)

52
Q

The RSNA and HMSS developed what they refer to as?

A

Technical Framework

53
Q

3 essential elements of Technical Framework

A
  1. Data Model
  2. An actor
  3. An Integration Profile
54
Q

Makes use of photostimulable or storage phosphors to produce digital images using existing X-ray imaging equipment

A

Computed Radiography

55
Q

A computer is used to process data collected by radiographic means to produce digital images of the patient

A

Computed Radiography

56
Q

When and Who: Introduced CR Imaging System?

A

1983, Fuji Medical Systems

57
Q

What does PMT stand for?

A

Photomultiplier Tube

58
Q

The IP can be used until how many times?

A

10,000 times

59
Q

What are the 6 steps to processing a CR Image

A
  1. Exposure of the imaging plate
  2. Scan IP with laser beam
  3. Light collection
  4. Digital processor
  5. Image Display on the Monitor
  6. Erase IP
  7. IP ready for another exposure
60
Q

What converts light into an electrical signal

A

PMT (Photomultiplier tube)

61
Q
  • Limited ability to image detaill (spatial resolution) 3-5 lp/mm
  • Contrast resolution can be manipulated
  • Better DQE (converts X-ray into useful image)
A

CR Systems

62
Q

Major PACS components

A
  1. Image Acquisition devices
  2. PACS computer
  3. Device called interfaces
  4. Display workstations
63
Q

2 standards used in a PACS environment

A

DICOM and HL7

RT 212 (1 decks)

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