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Digestive Tract My Notes > Digestive Video 1 > Flashcards

Digestive Video 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the layer lining the lumen?

A

Mucosa

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2
Q

Name 2 distinct features of the mucosa

A

First is mucosal epithelium then lamina propria

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3
Q

What the is the lumen?

A

Inside space where food passes through

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4
Q

Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serous

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5
Q

What is the mucosa made of?

A

Mucosal epithelium & Lamina propria

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6
Q

What layer is after the mucosa ?

A

Submucosa

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7
Q

What does the Submucosa contain?

A

Contains the submucosal plexus (group of nerves)

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8
Q

What does the muscularis external contain?

A

2 muscle layers
Circular- inner layer
Longitudinal layer- outermost

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9
Q

What is between the circular muscle layer and the longitudinal muscle layer?

A

Myentric plexus

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10
Q

What is above the muscularis externa?

A

Serous -wraps all of the digestive layers

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11
Q

If serous is not present what is?

A

Adventitia

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12
Q

Where is adventitia present?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, rectum

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13
Q

What does adventitia do?

A

Attaches the digestive tract to other structures, wraps up your muscularis externa

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14
Q

Where does peristalsis occur?

A

Pharynx, esophagus, stomach

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15
Q

Where does segmentation occur?

A

Small intestine

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16
Q

What does segmentation involve?

A

Constrictive rings around the chime making a churning motion. The smaller the rings get as you go down the small intestine

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17
Q

What is the intra peritoneum?

A

Organs that are completely covered by the visceral peritoneum like the stomach and liver.

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18
Q

What is retroperitoneum?

A

Organs partially covered by the peritoneum (duodenum , pancreas)

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19
Q

What are mesenteries?

A

mesenteries are visceral peritoneum that combines to form structures that hold organs together

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20
Q

What does the transverse mesocolon do?

A

holds transverse colon in place

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21
Q

What does the lesser omentum do?

A

attaches liver to stomach

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22
Q

What does the greater omentum do?

A

protects the stomach from the abdominal wall (stomach to transverse colon )

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23
Q

What does the mesentery proper do?

A

holds small intestine in place

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24
Q

What does the sigmoid mesocolon intestine do?

A

holds the large intestine

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25
Q

What does the faciform ligament do?

A

connectes liver to diaphragm

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26
Q

What is the first phase of swallowing?

A

buccal (oral cavity) phase

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27
Q

What does the epiglottis do?

A

closes your trachea

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28
Q

What occurs in the buccal phase? What organs are involved? What does the tongue do?

A

chewing, involves the teeth and tongue

tongue: breaks down food and pushes food backwards

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29
Q

Is the buccal phase voluntary?

A

yes

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30
Q

What phase follows the buccal phase?

A

Pharyngeal phase

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31
Q

Is the pharyngeal phase voluntary?

A

No, it’s involuntary.

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32
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal phase?

A

The food is now called the bolus and in this phase it passes through the pharynx. The epiglottis close your trachea to prevent it from going into the trachea.

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33
Q

What phase follows the pharyngeal phase?

A

Esophageal phase

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34
Q

What occurs in the esophageal phase

A

leaves he pharynx and is going down the esophagus and ends in the stomach

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35
Q

Is the esophageal phase voluntary?

A

No, involuntary.

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36
Q

What sphincters are in involved in the esophageal phase?

A

Upper esophageal sphincter

Lower esophageal sphincter

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37
Q

What does the upper esophageal sphincter do?

A

Stays open never closed food just passes through here and continues down

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38
Q

What does the lower esophageal sphincter do?

A

Usually closed because it prevents the acid from the stomach from going into your esophagus. When food is passing through it opens.

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39
Q

What can does a disease of the sphincters cause?

A

Diseases can cause the sphincters not to open, and cause the bolus to build up in the esophagus and kill you

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40
Q

What happens in heart burn?

A

lower esophageal sphincter is opening and allowing the acid in your stomach to go up into your esophagus

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41
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

a structure for passage of food content

42
Q

What is food called after is passes your oral cavity?

A

Bolus

43
Q

What is the outer layer of the esophagus called?

A

adventitia.

44
Q

What layers are below the adventitia?

A

muscularis externa, then submucosa, mucosa

45
Q

What is unique about the inner layer of the esophagus?

A

ridges form inside the lumen that allow stretching in case we chew something that is big

46
Q

What kinda of epithelia do we have in the esophagus?

A

stratified squamous epithelia

47
Q

Why do we have stratified squamous epithelia in the esophagus?

A

because we might chew something that is rough and that will destroy some cells so we need to replace those cells

48
Q

Where is the stomach located?

A

left side of our abdominal cavity

49
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

Cardia (close to your heart)
Fondus
Pylorus
Body

50
Q

What is the cardia?

A

The opening of the esophagus into the stomach.

51
Q

What is the fondus?

A

The fondus is the area located next to the cardia

52
Q

What is the pylorus?

A

the opening from the stomach into the duodenum (small intestine).

53
Q

What is the body of the stomach?

A

Is the main portion of the stomach

54
Q

What is located in the pylorus?

A

The pylorus sphincter prevents food from from the stomach into the duodenum

55
Q

What body part is after the stomach?

A

The duodenum

56
Q

What holds the stomach in place?

A

a mesentery called the lesser omentum

57
Q

What does the greater omentum do?

A

its a mesentery that protects the abdominal cavity, looks like an apron of fat.

58
Q

Name the curves of the stomach.

A

Lesser curvature

Greater curvature

59
Q

What leaves from the lesser curvature?

A

Lower omentum leaves from the lesser curvature

60
Q

What leaves from the greater curvature?

A

Greater omentum leaves from the greater curvature

61
Q

Where does you left gastric artery originate from?

A

Originates from your celiac trunk (celiac trunk is the first branch off of your abdominal aorta)

62
Q

What does the celiac trunk do?

A

Gives rise to your left gastric artery

63
Q

What 2 arteries does she mention are in the liver?

A

Left gastric artery

Right gastric artery

64
Q

What are the 3 layers of the stomach from outer - inner?

A

Longitudinal muscle layer
Circular muscle layer
Oblique muscle layer

65
Q

Name the special feature of the innermost layer of the stomach.

A

Rugae is a series of ridges produced by the foldings of the wall of the stomach.

66
Q

What does rugae do?

A

Rugae helps break down the stomach contents

67
Q

What is food called in the stomach?

A

Bolus

68
Q

Once the food that is called the bolus reaches the pylorus in the stomach what is it called?

A

Chyme

69
Q

What type of movement occurs in the stomach?

A

peristalsis

70
Q

What happens once peristalsis gets stronger (starts off weak)?

A

you have a type of segmentation, since the pylorus is closed it causes a type of churning. This is named retropulsion.

71
Q

What is retropulsion? What does it help with?

A

strong mechanism of peristalsis that churns the contents of the stomach back in forth. Helps break down the food into smaller pieces before it reaches the small intestine.

72
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter do?

A

Controls what leaves the stomach and enters duodenum

73
Q

What three region includes the stomach?

A

Epigastric region
Left hypochondriac region
Umbilical region

Tiny piece in lumbar region

74
Q

What are the layers of the stomach?

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa

75
Q

What 3 muscle layers does the stomach have?

A

Oblique muscle layer
circular muscle layer
longitudinal muscle layer

76
Q

What type of mucosa epithelium does the mucosa have?

A

simple columnar epithelium

77
Q

What is a gastric pit?

A

surface that stretches so we can eat more

78
Q

What cells does the gastric pit have?

A

Muscle neck cell

79
Q

What does the muscle neck cell do?

A

secretes mucos at the top of the gastric pit

80
Q

What happens to the stomach when you’re full?

A

relaxes

81
Q

Where can you store food?

A

stomach (rectum sigmoid colon)

82
Q

What is receptive relaxation?

A

when your stomach relaxes because its full

83
Q

What cells does the epithelia of the stomach secrete?

A 
Parietal cells (also called oxyntic cells)
Chief cells (also called zymogen cells)
84
Q

What do oxyntic (parietal) cells do?

A

They secrete hydrochloric acid.

85
Q

What do zymogen (chief) cells secrete?

A

they secrete pepsinogen

86
Q

What does the acid secreted by parietal (oxygenic) cells do?

A

The acid will act on the chief cells and transform the pepsinogen that is produced by the chief cells (zymogen cells) into an active enzyme called pepsin.

87
Q

What does pepsin do?

A

enzyme breaks up protein

88
Q

If you don’t have hydrochloric acid released from your parietal cells (oxyntic cells)what happens?

A

Can’t transform the pepsinogen from your chief cells (zymogen cells) into pepsin therefore can’t digest protein

89
Q

What enzyme do newborns have that adults don’t?

A

Rennin- coagulate (cause a fluid to change to a solid) milk proteins
Gastric lipase- initiate the digestion of milk fats

90
Q

Do children have enzymes that adults don’t have?

A

yes because they only digest milk

91
Q

What do g cells secrete?

A

gastrin into the gastric pit

92
Q

When are g cells release?

A

G cells are released when food enters the stomach

93
Q

What is the function of g cells?

A

Stimulate the release of chief cells (oxyntic) cells & parietal cells (zymogen) .
Stimulate smooth muscle to contract which helps with the mixing & churning activity of the stomach

94
Q

What stimulates zymogen (chief) cells?

A

G cells & parietal cells (oxyntin cells)

95
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

Absorption and Digestion of nutrients (90% in the small intestine, some is digested in the stomach)

96
Q

What are the three layers that the small intestine is divided into? (20 feet)

A

DJ Ilium:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

97
Q

How many muscles types are in the small intestine’s muscularis externa?

A

2 -types
Circular muscle layer
longitudinal muscle layer
(the oblique muscle layer is only present in the stomach)

98
Q

Does the small intestine have adventitia or serosa?

A

Serosa

99
Q

What are lacteals?

A

They are present in the small intestine

100
Q

What is unique to the duodenum?

A

They have submucosal glands (only here not in the jejunum or ileum)

101
Q

What is unique about the jejunum?

A

has a lot more plicae

102
Q

What is unique about the ileum ?

A

has more Peyer’s patches which are aggregated lymphoid nodules))

Digestive Tract My Notes (1 decks)

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