Digestive Tract Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Include swine, poultry, dogs, cats, and humans
Simple non ruminants
Often referred to as monogastric animals
Simple non ruminants
Describe the stomach of the non ruminants
have pouch00lik, non compartmentalized stomach
They rely on chemical digestion of food thru secretion of digestive enzymes in the gut
Simple non ruminants
Starch is hydrolyzed to ________________
maltose
stores ingested feed and meters ingesta into small intestine
stomach
this is secreted in the stomach that kills most of the bacteria ingested with the feed
HCl
it hydrolyzes protein due to its acidic pH and activates pepsin
HCl
is secreted to coagulate casein
Rennin
milk protein
casein
major site of absorption and digestion in simple non-ruminants
small intestine
major site of nutrient absorption in the small intestine
jejunum
serves as major source of digestive enzymes that degrade CHONS< CHO,, Lipids
Pancreas
Trypsin and chymotrypsin for _______________
protein digestion (CHONS)
Amylase for _____________
Carbohydrate digestion (CHO)
Lipase for __________
Fat digestion (Lipids)
neutralize stomach acid as food enters the small intestine
bicarbonate
a complex ecosystem of anaerobic microorganisms further degrades and metabolizes undigested residues
large intestine
results in the production of VFAS, carbon dioxide and methane
Microbial fermentation
is metabolized to indole and skatole, which gives the characteristic odor of feces
Tryptophan
The ____________ in simple ruminants absorb water, ferments bacteria and form feces
hindgut (cecum, colon and rectum)
Bacterial growth in the hindgut results in the synthesis of ____________
vitamin B complex
It has a large, compartmentalized stomach
Ruminants
dental pads are present
Ruminants
Saiva contains _________ to keep rumen at a proper neutral pH for good bacterial growth
Rumen
a fermentation vat that contains an immense microbial population of bacteria, protozoa, fungi and yeast that ferment the ingested feeds
Rumen
pH level of rumen
5.8
major sources of energy
VFAS
What are the three VFAS
acetic, butyric, propionic
also produces large quantities of gasses mainly co2 and ch3
rumen
process of expelling gas produced by microbial fermentation
Eructation
failure to eructate causes __________
bloat
overeating of grains
gaseous bloat
excessive gas builds up due to obstruction
gaseous bloat
alfalfa
frothy bloat
is a characteristic feature of all ruminants
Rumination
traps foreign materials such as nails, wire, and stones
reticulum
known as the honeycomb
reticulum
known as the bookplies
omasum
act as a filter, absorbing water and filtering out small food particles
omasum
regulates flow of ingesta by acting as a slee or filter thru its membranous leaves
omasum
known as the true stomach
abomasum
site of secretion of gastric juices such as HCl and proteolytic enzymes
abomasum
acidity in this compartment allows digestion of microbial protein, which serves as the major source of amino acids for ruminants
abomasum
serves as the major source of amino acids in ruminants
microbial protein
