Digestive Systems Flashcards
Digestive System
The organs that take in food and liquids and break them down into substances that the body can use for energy
Esophagus
Connects the mouth to the stomach. Organ that food travels.
Pharynx
A hallow muscular tube inside the neck. Acts as a passageway for air into the lungs and for food into the esophagus.
Simple Stomach
A single chamber lined by muscular folds. EX: Pig, Human
Ruminant Stomach
A four compartment stomach consisting of the Omasum, Abomasum, Rumen, and Reticulum.
Rumen
1st stomach, the storage area.
Reticulum
The hard-ware stomach, keeps foreign objects from entering the stomach.
Omasum
Absorbs juices from the food (mostly water).
Abomasum
The true stomach, it breaks down the food with acids.
Small Intestine
Connects the stomach to the large intestine, moves food through muscle contractions (peristaltic movement), absorbs nutrients, and contains bile and pancreatic juices.
Large intestine
Includes the cecum, colon, and rectum. Absorbs water and this is where residue solidifies before excretion.
cecum
Sac at the junction of the small and large intestine. Furthers the breakdown process.
Gizzard
Located after proventriculus, very muscular, used to grind food.
Proventriculus
Same as monogastric stomach and provides digestive excretions.
Cloaca
Chamber into which urinary and genital canals open
Ceca
Aids in fiber digestion and absorption
Crop
Stores and moistens food.
Simple Stomach EX
Pig, Human, Rabbit, Horse.
Complex Stomach EX
Sheep, Goats, Cattle
Modified Simple Stomach
Non-ruminant animals that consume and digest feeds high in fiber.
Ruminant
An animal that has multiple stomachs and regurgitates.
Mouth of a simple stomach
Has upper incisors, chews and salivates food, contains enzymes in the saliva.
3 enzymes in the simple stomach
Gastric, liver and pancreatic, and Intestinal.
Gastric Enzyme
Breaks down proteins in the stomach.
Liver and pancreatic enzyme
Breaks down fats in small intestine.
Intestinal enzyme
Breaks down carbs and proteins in small intestine.
Pancreas
Produces enzymes that help to digest food, particularly protein.
Liver
Secrets bile which digests fats
Rectum
Poop holding area
Colon
Removes water and some nutrients
Describe a horses mouth
Intact top and bottom incisors, no digestive enzymes in saliva, and molars adapted to chewing fiber.
Order of the ruminant stomach
- Rumen
- Reticulum
- Omasum
- Abomasum
Types of acids used in the monogastric stomach
Hydrochloric acid, and enzymes
Define rumination
Regurgitation and chewing cud.
How is the monogastric stomach different from the ruminant stomach
Single stomach animal that is not good at breaking down fiber.
Define digestion
The process of breaking down food into nutrients that the body can then absorb
What types of structures make up the abomasum
-The larger part: fundus and body.
-The smaller part: pyloric portion
Give two animals that have a simple stomach
Human, Pig
Give four examples of animals with a ruminant stomach
Deer, cow, sheep, goat
Describe the mouth of a ruminant
-No upper incisors, it is a hard palate
-No enzymes in saliva
-Has molars to grind vegetation.
Why is a horse’s stomach different?
It has an enlarged Cecum
Another animal (besides a horse) with a modified simple stomach?
Rabbit
Functions of the proventriculus?
Same as monogastric stomach and provides digestive excretions.
