Digestive System Vocabulary

Question 0

The mucous membrane-lined tube of the digestive system that extends from the mouth to the anus and through which foodpasses, digestion takes place, and wastes are eliminated; it includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and intestines.

Answer 0

Alimentary Canal or G.I. Tract

Question 1

the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.

Answer 1

Accessory Digestive Organs

Question 2

The constructive process by which living cells convert simple substances into more complex compounds, especially into living matter

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

The part of the colon between the ileocecal orifice and the right colic flexure.

Answer 3

Ascending Colon

Question 4

a fluid secreted by the liver, concentrated in the gallbladder, and poured into the small intestine via the bile ducts,which helps in alkalinizing the intestinal contents and plays a role in emulsification, absorption, and digestion of fat; its chief constituents are conjugated bile salts, cholesterol, phospholipid, bilirubin, and electrolytes.

Answer 4

Bile

Question 5

glands in the submucosa of the duodenum, opening into the small intestine; called also duodenal glands.

Answer 5

Brunner’s Glands

Question 6

the first part of the large intestine, forming a dilated pouch distal to the ileum and proximal to the colon, and giving off the vermiform appendix.

Answer 6

Cecum

Question 7

the act or process of converting food into chemical substances that can be absorbed and assimilated.

Answer 7

Chemical Digestion

Question 8

The semifluid, creamy material produced by digestion of food.

Answer 8

Chyme

Question 9

The evacuation of fecal matter from the rectum.

Answer 9

Defecation

Question 10

The act or process of swallowing.

Answer 10

Deglutition

Question 11

The chief substance of the teeth, surrounding the tooth pulp and covered by enamel on the crown and by cementum on the roots.

Answer 11

Dentin

Question 12

Inflammation of a diverticulum, especially of the small pockets in the wall of the colon that fill with stagnant fecal material and become inflamed.

Answer 12

Diverticulitis

Question 13

The first or proximal portion of the small intestine, extending from the pylorus to the jejunum

Answer 13

Duodenum

Question 14

Peristaltic contraction of the small intestine induced by the entrance of food into the stomach.

Answer 14

Enterogastric Reflex

Question 15

The musculomembranous passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach.

Answer 15

Esophagus (gullet)

Question 16

A small, pear-shaped muscular sac, located under the right lobe of the liver, in which bile secreted by the liver is stored until needed by the body for digestion

Answer 16

Gallbladder

Question 17

a solid crystal deposit that forms in the gallbladder which can migrate to other parts of the digestive tract and cause severe pain with life-threatening complications.

Answer 17

Gallstones

Question 18

a general term denoting a recess or sacculation, as of the colon.

Answer 18

Haustra

Question 19

burning sensation in the chest that can extend to the neck, throat, and face; it is worsened by bending or lying down. It is the primary symptom of gastroesophageal reflux, which is the movement of stomach acid into the esophagus. On rare occasions, it is due to gastritis (stomach lining inflammation).

Answer 19

Heartburn

Question 20

Enlarged veins in the anus or lower rectum. They often go unnoticed and usually clear up after a few days,but can cause long-lasting discomfort, bleeding and be excruciatingly painful.

Answer 20

Hemorrhoids

Question 21

A circulating lipoprotein that picks up cholesterol in the arteries and deposits it in the liver for reprocessing or excretion.

Answer 21

High-density Lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 22

The bilabial prominence of the terminal ileum into the large intestine at the cecocolic junction in cadavers; it appears as a truncated cone with a star-shaped orifice in the living.

Answer 22

Ileocecal Valve

Question 23

The distal portion of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the cecum.

Answer 23

Ileum

Question 24

The four front teeth, two on each side of the midline, in each jaw.

Answer 24

Incisors

Question 25

That part of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum.

Answer 25

Jejunum

Question 26

Phagocytic cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids.

Answer 26

Kupffer Cells

Question 27

The portion of the intestine that extends from the ileum to the anus, forming an arch around the convolutions of the small intestine and including the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal.

Answer 27

Large Intestine

Question 28

The large, dark-red gland in the upper part of the abdomen on the right side, just beneath the diaphragm. Its functions include storage and filtration of blood, secretion of bile, conversion of sugars into glycogen, and many other metabolic activities.

Answer 28

Liver

Question 29

A lipoprotein of blood plasma that is composed of a moderate proportion of protein with little triglyceride and a high proportion of cholesterol and that is associated with increased probability of developing atherosclerosis

Answer 29

Low-density Lipoproteins (LDLs)

Question 30

The process by which food is broken down into simple chemical compounds that can be absorbed and used as nutrients or eliminated by the body. In most animals, nutrients are obtained from food by the action of digestive enzymes.

Answer 30

Mechanical Digestion

Question 31

The peritoneal fold attaching the small intestine to the posterior body wall.

Answer 31

Mesentery

Question 32

Tiny hairlike folds in the plasma membrane that extend from the surface of many absorptive or secretory cells. They are most clearly visible with an electron microscope but may be seen as a “brush border” with a light microscope.

Answer 32

Microvilli

Question 33

The permanent, primary cheek teeth that are not preceded by premolars. They are typically big teeth used for grinding and with ridges on their occlusal surfaces (lophodont) in horses, worn rounded cusps (bunodont) in pigs, or including crescents (selenodont) in cattle, and either cutting edges or flattened areas in carnivores.

Answer 33

Molars

Question 34

A relatively mild short-term viral infection of the salivary glands that usually occurs during childhood. Typically, mumps is characterized by a painful swelling of both cheek areas, although the person could have swelling on one side or no perceivable swelling at all.

Answer 34

Mumps

Question 35

A five-inch-long gland that lies behind the stomach and next to the duodenum. The pancreas releases glucagon, insulin and some of the enzymes which aid digestion. Pancreatitis is the swelling of the pancreas which can nausea, jaundice, and severe pain and may be fatal.

Answer 35

Pancreas

Question 36

The wormlike movement by which the alimentary canal or other tubular organ shaving both longitudinal and circular muscle fibers propel their contents, consisting of a wave of contraction passing along the tube for variable distances.

Answer 36

Peristalsis

Question 37

Oval, elevated patches of closely packed lymph follicles in mucous and submucous layers of the small intestine. Called also aggregated lymphatic nodules.

Answer 37

Peyer’s Patches

Question 38

Moving of food through the digestive tube.

Answer 38

Propulsion

Question 39

Pertaining to the pylorus, the opening between the stomach and duodenum.

Answer 39

Pyloric

Question 40

The irregular ridges in the mucous membrane covering the anterior part of the hard palate.

Answer 40

Rugae

Question 41

Division into similar parts.

Answer 41

Segmentation

Question 42

The narrow, winding, upper part of the intestine where digestion is completed and nutrients are absorbed by the blood. It extends from the pylorus to the cecum and consists of the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum.

Answer 42

Small Intestine

Question 43

The musculomembranous expansion of the alimentary canal between the esophagus and duodenum, consisting of a cardiac part, a fundus, a body, and a pyloric part. Its (gastric) glands secrete the gastric juice which,when mixed with food, forms chyme, a semifluid substance suitable for further digestion by the intestine

Answer 43

Stomach

Question 44

A local defect, or excavation of the surface, of an organ or tissue, produced by sloughing of necrotic inflammatory tissue.

Answer 44

Ulcers