DIGESTIVE SYSTEM VOCAB LIST Flashcards
Passage of materials through villi into the blood.
Absorption
Amphojel (B)
Aluminum hydroxide (g) - Antacid
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest or breaks down starch.
Amylase
amyl/o
starch
-ase
Enzyme
lack of appetite
Anorexia
removal of the appendix
appendectomoy
Neutralizes hydrochloric acid in the GI tract.
Antacid
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Ascites
rumbling or gurgling noise in the gastrointestinal tract
borborygmus
Prevent or stop vomiting.
Antiemetic
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder
Bile
Tums (B)
Calcium Carbonate (G) - Antacids
Cec/o
cecum
The lower, S-shaped end of the large intestine
Sigmoid colon
Pertaining to the abdomen.
Celiac
Gallbladder resection (removal)
Cholecystectomy
dilation of a bile vessel
cholangiectasis
suffix meaning stretching or dilation
-ectasia, -ectasis
Abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder.
Cholecystolithiasis
Choledoch/o
common bile duct
creation of a new opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum.
Choledochojejunostomy
new opening between the small intestine and the large intestine
enterocolostomy
Chronic, degenerative disease of the liver
Cirrhosis
inflammation of the large intestine(colon)
Colitis
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.
Common bile duct
Major tissue component of teeth. It is covered by the enamel in the crown and a protective layer of cementum in the root.
Dentin
pertaining to the cheek and teeth
Dentibuccal
Abnormal outpouchings in the intestinal wall.
Diverticulosis
Dulcolax (b)
bisacodyl (g) - Laxative
First part of the small intestine.
Duodenum
Painful inflammation of the intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection.
Dysentery
Difficulty in swallowing
Dysphagia
painful menstrual flow
dysmenorrhea
suffix meaning eating or swallowing
-phagia
Suffix means digestion
-pepsia
bursting forth of blood from a blood vessel
hemorrhage
suffix means bursting forth of blood
-rrhagia, -rrhage
suffix meaning suture
-rrhaphy
suffix meaning flow or discharge
-rhea
suffix meaning vomiting
-emesis
suffix meaning spitting
-ptysis
The process of swalling
deglutition
Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus
Esophageal varices
pertaining to the tongue and throat
glossopharyngeal
Substances produced when fats are digested.
Fatty acids
Pepcid (b)
Famotidine (g)
an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel and another structure
Fistula
Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus.
Anal Fistula
inflammation of the gums
Gingivitis
Reduce the amount of acid produced by the cells in the lining of the stomach.
H2 Blockers
Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) without structural abnormalities in the intestines.
irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Jaundice
Icterus
Third part of the small intestine twisted.
Ileum
failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines.
Ileus
Telescoping of the intestines
Intussusception
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin.
Jaundice
Labi/o , Cheil/o
lip
Duphalac (B)
lactulose (G)
visual examination of the abdomen by minimally invasive surgery.
Laparoscopy
Weak cathartic.
Laxative
Tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood
liver function tests (LFTs)
High levels of biliburin (yellow/orange pigment) in the bloodstream; jaundice
hyperbilirubinemea
Chewing
Mastication
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood.
Melena
Feces are placed on a growth medium and tested for microorganisms
Stool culture(C&S)
passage pf bright red blood from the rectum
hematochezia
membrane that connects parts of small intestine.
Mesentery
esomeprazole(G)
Nexium(B)
Zofran(B)
Ondansetron(G)
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth.
Oral leukoplakia
surgical repair of the roof of the mouth
Palatoplasty
suffix means surgical repair
-plasty
The roof of the mouth
Palate
Inflammation of the pancreas
Pancreatitis
Small elevations on the tongue.
Papillae
rabeprazole(G)
Pariet(B)
Salivary gland within the cheek, just near (anterior) the ear.
Parotid gland
Specialist in gums
Periodontist
Specialist in root canal therapy
Endodontist
Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose.
Pharynx
after meals
Postprandial
Ring of muscle at the distal region of the stomach.
Pyloric sphincter
Soft inner part of the tooth.
Pulp
Ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach.
Rugae
sennosides(G)
Senokot(B)
Circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening.
Sphincter
suffix meaning involuntary muscle contraction
-spasm
Fat in the feces; frothy foul-smelling fecal matter
Steatorrhea
Stomat/o
Mouth
Large fat molecules.
Triglycerides
small substances that are the building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
Soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate
Uvula
Microscopic projections in the wall of the small intestine that absorb nutrients into the bloodstream.
Villi
Twisting of the intestine on itself
Volvulus
ranitidine(G)
Zantac(B) - H2 blocker
Chemical produced by the stomach to aid digestion
Hydrochloric Acid
Enzyme that digests protein
Protease
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach
Lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
Failure of the muscles in the lower esophagus to relax
Achalasia
Maxeran(B)
metoclopramide(G) - Antiemetics
Buscopan(B)
hyoscine butylbromide(G) - Parasympatholy
enzyme that digests fat
Lipase
