Digestive System Study Guide Flashcards
What part of the tooth allows nerves and blood vessels into the tooth?
Root canal
What attaches the tooth to the bone?
Periodontal ligament
What part of the tooth forms a shock-absorbing layer?
Dentin
What starts at the mouth, includes the esophagus, stomach, intestines and rectum and ends at the anus?
Alimentary canal
What is the tube through which ingested products move?
Alimentary canal
What has digestive functions but does not come into contact with material passing through the digestive tract?
Accessory organs
The opening to the digestive system and is directly anterior to the oral cavity
Mouth
How does the tongue help in the digestive process?
It mixes food with the saliva and enzymes and pushes it into the esophagus
How does food move through the esophagus?
Because of smooth muscle contractions called peristalsis
What is the sac-like organ at the end of the esophagus?
Stomach
How does the stomach perform mechanical digestion?
The muscles contract and relax, moving the food around and helps break it into smaller pieces. It also mixes the food around with the enzyme, pepsin and other chemicals helping digest proteins.
What can be absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach?
Water, salt and simple sugars
About how long is the small intestine?
About 23 feet long
What is the first part of the small intestine?
Duodenum
When food goes through the duodenum, what is happening?
Villi are making the inner surface area of the small intestine 1000 times larger than it would be without them, making it easier for nutrients to be absorbed into the blood.
About how long is the large intestine?
About 5 feet long
What is the large intestine’s biggest purpose?
Absorb excess water from the chyme
Produce vitamin B12 and K using bacteria in the Large intestine
After feces pass out of the body, what are they called?
Stool
What is the process of releasing feces from the body called?
Bowel movements
Glands that secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose
Salivary glands
Salivary amylase breaks down starch into ______.
Maltose
What organ filters the blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it onto the rest of the body by detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?
Liver
What organ produces bile?
Liver
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
What is the purpose of bile?
Break down fats
What is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin and glucagon, which circulate in the blood?
Pancreas
What is a digestive organ that secretes juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine?
Pancreas
What does trypsin break down?
Proteins
What does pancreatic lipase break down?
Fats
What do the enzymes, deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease do?
Break bonds in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA
After bile is stored in the gallbladder where does it go?
Small intestine
What is the part of the tooth that erupts fro the gums into the oral cavity?
Crown
What part of the tooth is normally at the level of the gum?
Neck
What part of the tooth is where the crown and the root meet?
Neck
What part of the tooth is embedded into the bone?
Root
What part of the tooth is an extremely dense material that resists water and abrasion?
Enamel
What is the hardest substance of the body?
Enamel
What is the material similar to bone that provides major structure of the tooth?
Dentin
What is the innermost cavity of the tooth that houses nerves and blood vessels?
Pulp cavity
What tooth is made to cut?
Incisors
What tooth is made to tear or pierce?
Canine
What tooth does a bit of tearing and chewing?
Premolars
What tooth chews and grinds food?
Molars
What part of the tooth holds the tooth in place?
Periodontal ligament
The canal going through the pulp cavity that holds nerves and blood vessels
Root canal
What helps fix the tooth in the alveolar socket?
Cementum
What pores into the tooth?
Apical foramen
What nourishes the tooth with nutrients and allows the tooth to respond to the environment?
Blood vessels and nerves
What happens in the small intestine?
Almost all chemical digestion takes place here
Absorption of nutrients
Enzymes and secretions are produced by the small intestine, liver and pancreas
What chemical digestion takes place in the mouth?
Salivary amylase starts to break starches down to sugars
What chemical digestion takes place in the stomach?
Pepsin and lipase in the stomach breakdown foods.
Pepsin breaks proteins down to amino acids and lipase breaks large lipid globules down to smaller lipid globules
What are the three organs that produce the enzymes and secretions used in the small intestine?
Liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Enzymes produced by the pancreas help break down…
Starches, proteins, and fats
What are the 3 main functions of the large intestine?
Suck moisture out of digested chyme
Break down food using bacteria
Prepare our digested food for elimination
The Short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed is called the ______.
Rectum
How many hours does it take to have food digested?
30 hours
About how much saliva do we produce a day?
1 pint
How many taste buds are there on the tongue?
10,000
How many taste receptor cells does each taste bud have?
50
How often do we grow new receptor cells?
In about 10 days
What seals off our wind pipe or trachea?
Epiglottis
How long does it take for food to get from the mouth to the stomach?
5 seconds
What is food called once it hits the esophagus?
Bolus
What is the stomach filled with?
Hydrochloric acid
How large can your stomach become?
20 times its normal size (which is the size of your fist)
What is the small intestine sometimes called?
Disassembly line
What is the large intestine sometimes called?
Colon
What part of the tooth fixes the tooth into its socket?
Cementum
A long tube that connects the mouth with the anus.
Gastrointestinal tract
What is the process of chewing called?
Mastication
What organs make up the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract?
Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
