Digestive System Study Guide

Question 1

What part of the tooth allows nerves and blood vessels into the tooth?

Answer 1

Root canal

Question 2

What attaches the tooth to the bone?

Answer 2

Periodontal ligament

Question 3

What part of the tooth forms a shock-absorbing layer?

Answer 3

Dentin

Question 4

What starts at the mouth, includes the esophagus, stomach, intestines and rectum and ends at the anus?

Answer 4

Alimentary canal

Question 5

What is the tube through which ingested products move?

Answer 5

Alimentary canal

Question 6

What has digestive functions but does not come into contact with material passing through the digestive tract?

Answer 6

Accessory organs

Question 7

The opening to the digestive system and is directly anterior to the oral cavity

Answer 7

Mouth

Question 8

How does the tongue help in the digestive process?

Answer 8

It mixes food with the saliva and enzymes and pushes it into the esophagus

Question 9

How does food move through the esophagus?

Answer 9

Because of smooth muscle contractions called peristalsis

Question 10

What is the sac-like organ at the end of the esophagus?

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

How does the stomach perform mechanical digestion?

Answer 11

The muscles contract and relax, moving the food around and helps break it into smaller pieces. It also mixes the food around with the enzyme, pepsin and other chemicals helping digest proteins.

Question 12

What can be absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach?

Answer 12

Water, salt and simple sugars

Question 13

About how long is the small intestine?

Answer 13

About 23 feet long

Question 14

What is the first part of the small intestine?

Answer 14

Duodenum

Question 15

When food goes through the duodenum, what is happening?

Answer 15

Villi are making the inner surface area of the small intestine 1000 times larger than it would be without them, making it easier for nutrients to be absorbed into the blood.

Question 16

About how long is the large intestine?

Answer 16

About 5 feet long

Question 17

What is the large intestine’s biggest purpose?

Answer 17

Absorb excess water from the chyme

Produce vitamin B12 and K using bacteria in the Large intestine

Question 18

After feces pass out of the body, what are they called?

Answer 18

Stool

Question 19

What is the process of releasing feces from the body called?

Answer 19

Bowel movements

Question 20

Glands that secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose

Answer 20

Salivary glands

Question 21

Salivary amylase breaks down starch into ______.

Answer 21

Maltose

Question 22

What organ filters the blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it onto the rest of the body by detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?

Answer 22

Liver

Question 23

What organ produces bile?

Answer 23

Liver

Question 24

Where is bile stored?

Answer 24

Gallbladder

Question 25

What is the purpose of bile?

Answer 25

Break down fats

Question 26

What is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin and glucagon, which circulate in the blood?

Answer 26

Pancreas

Question 27

What is a digestive organ that secretes juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine?

Answer 27

Pancreas

Question 28

What does trypsin break down?

Answer 28

Proteins

Question 29

What does pancreatic lipase break down?

Answer 29

Fats

Question 30

What do the enzymes, deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease do?

Answer 30

Break bonds in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

Question 31

After bile is stored in the gallbladder where does it go?

Answer 31

Small intestine

Question 32

What is the part of the tooth that erupts fro the gums into the oral cavity?

Answer 32

Crown

Question 33

What part of the tooth is normally at the level of the gum?

Answer 33

Neck

Question 34

What part of the tooth is where the crown and the root meet?

Answer 34

Neck

Question 35

What part of the tooth is embedded into the bone?

Answer 35

Root

Question 36

What part of the tooth is an extremely dense material that resists water and abrasion?

Answer 36

Enamel

Question 37

What is the hardest substance of the body?

Answer 37

Enamel

Question 38

What is the material similar to bone that provides major structure of the tooth?

Answer 38

Dentin

Question 39

What is the innermost cavity of the tooth that houses nerves and blood vessels?

Answer 39

Pulp cavity

Question 40

What tooth is made to cut?

Answer 40

Incisors

Question 41

What tooth is made to tear or pierce?

Answer 41

Canine

Question 42

What tooth does a bit of tearing and chewing?

Answer 42

Premolars

Question 43

What tooth chews and grinds food?

Answer 43

Molars

Question 44

What part of the tooth holds the tooth in place?

Answer 44

Periodontal ligament

Question 45

The canal going through the pulp cavity that holds nerves and blood vessels

Answer 45

Root canal

Question 46

What helps fix the tooth in the alveolar socket?

Answer 46

Cementum

Question 47

What pores into the tooth?

Answer 47

Apical foramen

Question 48

What nourishes the tooth with nutrients and allows the tooth to respond to the environment?

Answer 48

Blood vessels and nerves

Question 49

What happens in the small intestine?

Answer 49

Almost all chemical digestion takes place here Absorption of nutrients Enzymes and secretions are produced by the small intestine, liver and pancreas

Question 50

What chemical digestion takes place in the mouth?

Answer 50

Salivary amylase starts to break starches down to sugars

Question 51

What chemical digestion takes place in the stomach?

Answer 51

Pepsin and lipase in the stomach breakdown foods. Pepsin breaks proteins down to amino acids and lipase breaks large lipid globules down to smaller lipid globules

Question 52

What are the three organs that produce the enzymes and secretions used in the small intestine?

Answer 52

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Question 53

Enzymes produced by the pancreas help break down…

Answer 53

Starches, proteins, and fats

Question 54

What are the 3 main functions of the large intestine?

Answer 54

Suck moisture out of digested chyme Break down food using bacteria Prepare our digested food for elimination

Question 55

The Short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed is called the ______.

Answer 55

Rectum

Question 56

How many hours does it take to have food digested?

Answer 56

30 hours

Question 57

About how much saliva do we produce a day?

Answer 57

1 pint

Question 58

How many taste buds are there on the tongue?

Answer 58

10,000

Question 59

How many taste receptor cells does each taste bud have?

Answer 59

50

Question 60

How often do we grow new receptor cells?

Answer 60

In about 10 days

Question 61

What seals off our wind pipe or trachea?

Answer 61

Epiglottis

Question 62

How long does it take for food to get from the mouth to the stomach?

Answer 62

5 seconds

Question 63

What is food called once it hits the esophagus?

Answer 63

Bolus

Question 64

What is the stomach filled with?

Answer 64

Hydrochloric acid

Question 65

How large can your stomach become?

Answer 65

20 times its normal size (which is the size of your fist)

Question 66

What is the small intestine sometimes called?

Answer 66

Disassembly line

Question 67

What is the large intestine sometimes called?

Answer 67

Colon

Question 68

What part of the tooth fixes the tooth into its socket?

Answer 68

Cementum

Question 69

A long tube that connects the mouth with the anus.

Answer 69

Gastrointestinal tract

Question 70

What is the process of chewing called?

Answer 70

Mastication

Question 71

What organs make up the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract?

Answer 71

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.