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Perry_Anna Science > Digestive System Study Guide > Flashcards

Digestive System Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What part of the tooth allows nerves and blood vessels into the tooth?

A

Root canal

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2
Q

What attaches the tooth to the bone?

A

Periodontal ligament

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3
Q

What part of the tooth forms a shock-absorbing layer?

A

Dentin

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4
Q

What starts at the mouth, includes the esophagus, stomach, intestines and rectum and ends at the anus?

A

Alimentary canal

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5
Q

What is the tube through which ingested products move?

A

Alimentary canal

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6
Q

What has digestive functions but does not come into contact with material passing through the digestive tract?

A

Accessory organs

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7
Q

The opening to the digestive system and is directly anterior to the oral cavity

A

Mouth

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8
Q

How does the tongue help in the digestive process?

A

It mixes food with the saliva and enzymes and pushes it into the esophagus

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9
Q

How does food move through the esophagus?

A

Because of smooth muscle contractions called peristalsis

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10
Q

What is the sac-like organ at the end of the esophagus?

A

Stomach

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11
Q

How does the stomach perform mechanical digestion?

A

The muscles contract and relax, moving the food around and helps break it into smaller pieces. It also mixes the food around with the enzyme, pepsin and other chemicals helping digest proteins.

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12
Q

What can be absorbed into the bloodstream from the stomach?

A

Water, salt and simple sugars

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13
Q

About how long is the small intestine?

A

About 23 feet long

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14
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum

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15
Q

When food goes through the duodenum, what is happening?

A

Villi are making the inner surface area of the small intestine 1000 times larger than it would be without them, making it easier for nutrients to be absorbed into the blood.

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16
Q

About how long is the large intestine?

A

About 5 feet long

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17
Q

What is the large intestine’s biggest purpose?

A

Absorb excess water from the chyme

Produce vitamin B12 and K using bacteria in the Large intestine

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18
Q

After feces pass out of the body, what are they called?

A

Stool

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19
Q

What is the process of releasing feces from the body called?

A

Bowel movements

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20
Q

Glands that secrete amylase, an enzyme that breaks down starch into maltose

A

Salivary glands

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21
Q

Salivary amylase breaks down starch into ______.

A

Maltose

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22
Q

What organ filters the blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it onto the rest of the body by detoxifying chemicals and metabolizing drugs?

A

Liver

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23
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

Liver

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24
Q

Where is bile stored?

A

Gallbladder

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25
Q

What is the purpose of bile?

A

Break down fats

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26
Q

What is an endocrine gland producing several important hormones, including insulin and glucagon, which circulate in the blood?

A

Pancreas

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27
Q

What is a digestive organ that secretes juice containing digestive enzymes that assist digestion and absorption of nutrients in the small intestine?

A

Pancreas

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28
Q

What does trypsin break down?

A

Proteins

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29
Q

What does pancreatic lipase break down?

A

Fats

30
Q

What do the enzymes, deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease do?

A

Break bonds in nucleic acids like DNA and RNA

31
Q

After bile is stored in the gallbladder where does it go?

A

Small intestine

32
Q

What is the part of the tooth that erupts fro the gums into the oral cavity?

A

Crown

33
Q

What part of the tooth is normally at the level of the gum?

A

Neck

34
Q

What part of the tooth is where the crown and the root meet?

A

Neck

35
Q

What part of the tooth is embedded into the bone?

A

Root

36
Q

What part of the tooth is an extremely dense material that resists water and abrasion?

A

Enamel

37
Q

What is the hardest substance of the body?

A

Enamel

38
Q

What is the material similar to bone that provides major structure of the tooth?

A

Dentin

39
Q

What is the innermost cavity of the tooth that houses nerves and blood vessels?

A

Pulp cavity

40
Q

What tooth is made to cut?

A

Incisors

41
Q

What tooth is made to tear or pierce?

A

Canine

42
Q

What tooth does a bit of tearing and chewing?

A

Premolars

43
Q

What tooth chews and grinds food?

A

Molars

44
Q

What part of the tooth holds the tooth in place?

A

Periodontal ligament

45
Q

The canal going through the pulp cavity that holds nerves and blood vessels

A

Root canal

46
Q

What helps fix the tooth in the alveolar socket?

A

Cementum

47
Q

What pores into the tooth?

A

Apical foramen

48
Q

What nourishes the tooth with nutrients and allows the tooth to respond to the environment?

A

Blood vessels and nerves

49
Q

What happens in the small intestine?

A

Almost all chemical digestion takes place here

Absorption of nutrients

Enzymes and secretions are produced by the small intestine, liver and pancreas

50
Q

What chemical digestion takes place in the mouth?

A

Salivary amylase starts to break starches down to sugars

51
Q

What chemical digestion takes place in the stomach?

A

Pepsin and lipase in the stomach breakdown foods.

Pepsin breaks proteins down to amino acids and lipase breaks large lipid globules down to smaller lipid globules

52
Q

What are the three organs that produce the enzymes and secretions used in the small intestine?

A

Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

53
Q

Enzymes produced by the pancreas help break down…

A

Starches, proteins, and fats

54
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the large intestine?

A

Suck moisture out of digested chyme

Break down food using bacteria

Prepare our digested food for elimination

55
Q

The Short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed is called the ______.

A

Rectum

56
Q

How many hours does it take to have food digested?

A

30 hours

57
Q

About how much saliva do we produce a day?

A

1 pint

58
Q

How many taste buds are there on the tongue?

A

10,000

59
Q

How many taste receptor cells does each taste bud have?

A

50

60
Q

How often do we grow new receptor cells?

A

In about 10 days

61
Q

What seals off our wind pipe or trachea?

A

Epiglottis

62
Q

How long does it take for food to get from the mouth to the stomach?

A

5 seconds

63
Q

What is food called once it hits the esophagus?

A

Bolus

64
Q

What is the stomach filled with?

A

Hydrochloric acid

65
Q

How large can your stomach become?

A

20 times its normal size (which is the size of your fist)

66
Q

What is the small intestine sometimes called?

A

Disassembly line

67
Q

What is the large intestine sometimes called?

A

Colon

68
Q

What part of the tooth fixes the tooth into its socket?

A

Cementum

69
Q

A long tube that connects the mouth with the anus.

A

Gastrointestinal tract

70
Q

What is the process of chewing called?

A

Mastication

71
Q

What organs make up the gastrointestinal (G.I.) tract?

A

Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.

Perry_Anna Science (27 decks)

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