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Digestive system unit 2 science > digestive system quiz > Flashcards

digestive system quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the four stages of food processing?

A
  1. ingestion
  2. digestion
  3. absorption
  4. elimination
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2
Q

what is ingestion?

A

the taking in or eating food

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3
Q

what is digestion?

A

The breakdown of food by mechanical and chemical processes that form small molecules for the cells of the body to absorb

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4
Q

what is absorption?

A

transporting and absorbing nutrients into blood stream .

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5
Q

what is elimination?

A

the removal of undigested solid waste matter from the body

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6
Q

what is mechanical digestion?

A

A physical breakdown of the food into smaller pieces

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7
Q

what is an example of mechanical digestion?

A

food enters your mouth and is physically broken down to smaller pieces by your teeth or your stomach churning

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8
Q

what is chemical digestion?

A

uses certain enzymes to break down nutrients, into smaller molecules

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9
Q

what is an example of chemical digestion?

A

when our saliva that contains enzymes, break down biomolecules

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10
Q

what organs are in involved in ingestion?

A

mouth, teeth, and esophagus

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11
Q

what organs are in involved in digestion?

A

mouth, stomach, and small intestine

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12
Q

what organs are in involved in absorption?

A

stomach and large intestine

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13
Q

what organs are in involved in elimination?

A

large intestine, rectum, and anus

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14
Q

what is the alimentary canal?

A

a tube through which food is processed

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15
Q

what happens in the alimentary canal?

A

This long tube of organs makes a pathway for food to travel through the body. It runs from the mouth to the anus

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16
Q

why must we digest?

A

we have to break down nutrients in foods to a form where its small enough to fit into our cells and be usable by the cells

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17
Q

what are the two kids of digestion?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion

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18
Q

what do organisms require to preform life functions and obtain energy?

A

nutrients

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19
Q

where can organisms that require nutrients obtain energy?

A

macromolecules

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20
Q

what are macro molecules?

A

larger and more complex organic molecules, that are composed of smaller molecules, link together

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21
Q

what are the 4 categories of macromolecules?

A
  1. carbohydrates
  2. lipids
  3. proteins
  4. nucleic acids
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22
Q

what is the main function of carbohydrates?

A

provide quick energy for use by body

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23
Q

what is the main function of lipids?

A

its a long term energy storage and uses material to build a cell membrane

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24
Q

what is the main function of proteins?

A

it give structure and support, it has catalysts to speed up chemicals, it transports ions in cell membrane

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25
Q

what is the main function of nucleic acids?

A

contains genetic information and directs organisms growth

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26
Q

what is an example of carbohydrates?

A

glucose and fructose

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27
Q

what is an example of lipids?

A

fats, oils, waxes

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28
Q

what is an example of proteins?

A

insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes, and collagen

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29
Q

what is an example of nucleic?

A

DNA and RNA

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30
Q

what are the four types of tissue?

A

connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue

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31
Q

what are the 4 structurally organized levels of the human body?

A
  1. cells
  2. tissues
  3. organs
  4. organ systems
32
Q

what are enzymes?

A

a protein that helps to speed up chemical reactions in the body.

33
Q

what is hydrolysis?

A

a chemical reaction in w which water breaks apart macromolecules into smaller molecules

34
Q

what are accessory organs?

A

pancreas, liver and gall bladder

35
Q

what do theses accessory organs do?

A

release fluids into the canal that are essential for digestion

36
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

Produces insulin and secretes 1L of pancreatic fluid per day

37
Q

what does Pancreatic fluid contain?

A

1) Base (bicarbonate) – to neutralize stomach acid

2) Enzymes – to chemically digest proteins carbohydrates and lipids

38
Q

what are Monosaccharides?

A

a single carbohydrate unit known to be
“simple sugar”

39
Q

what are Disaccharides?

A

a sugar made up of 2
monosaccharide molecules

40
Q

Polysaccharides?

A

large molecule made of
many monosaccharides

41
Q

what are proteins made of?

A

Made from small sub-units called amino acids. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds into one or more chains

42
Q

where does digestion start?

A

it starts in the mouth. Where the teeth breaks down food into small pieces (mechanical digestion) to make it more assessable to go down the esophagus

43
Q

what are the roles of water in the body?

A
  • transporting dissolved nutrients
  • flushing toxins from cells
  • lubricating tissues and joints
  • eliminating waste materials (in urine and sweat)
44
Q

what happens in the mouth?

A

Salivary glands in the mouth secrete saliva to begin chemical digestion. Teeth begin the process of mechanical digestion, and the tongue helps turn the food into a soft bolus

45
Q

what does does the alimentary canal contain?

A

*mouth
*esophagus
*stomach
*small intestine
*large intestine
*rectum/anus

46
Q

what kind of teeth do carnivores have?

A

In carnivores such as the
dog, “canine” teeth
specialized for ripping food
are more common.

47
Q

what kind of teeth do herbivores have?

A

Herbivores like deer have
grinding teeth to eat
grass/leaves.

48
Q

what kind of teeth do snakes have?

A

Snake teeth slope backwards to
help them hold their prey during
swallowing

49
Q

what happens in the esophagus ?

A

The esophagus transports the
bolus to the stomach by
wave-like muscular contractions
called peristalsis
Mucus keeps the passage moist.

50
Q

what happens after you swallow the boules from chemical/mechanical digestion in the mouth?

A

The bolus is swallowed and enters the esophagus. The epiglottis at the top of the wind pipe (next to the esophagus) closes to ensure the bolus does
not enter the lungs

51
Q

what IS the stomach?

A

a J-shaped organ that Lies on left side of abdominal cavity, Just below the diaphragm

52
Q

what is diaphragm?

A

sheet of muscle that separates the heart, lungs, and ribs from
the abdominal cavity

53
Q

what happens in the stomach?

A

Entrance of stomach controlled by a ring of muscle called the esophageal sphincter. There are glands in the stomach that secrete gastric juice. Pepsin Breaks protein into small
polypeptides. Stomach has 3 layers of muscle fibers that contract/relax to physically churn food. The wall for the stomach expand. Food forms a thick liquid called chyme. Chyme exits the stomach through a muscular valve called pyloric sphincter

54
Q

what happens in the small intense?

A

further break down macromolecules and ABSORB nutrients through cells. Moves food through path using peristalsis. Contractions squeeze chyme and break up food

55
Q

how long is a small intestine?

A

Small intestine would be about 6 meters long (20 feet) if stretched out!!

56
Q

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

1) The duodenum
2) The jejunum
3) The ileum

57
Q

what happens in the duodenum?

A

Duodenum receives secretions from the pancreas and gall bladder

58
Q

what are accessory organs?

A

Pancreas, liver and gall bladder are not part of the alimentary canal (food does not
travel through them). But they do aid in digestion

59
Q

what are enzyme functions in chemical digestion?

A

1) Carbohydrase digest carbs
2) Lipases digest lipids
3) Proteases digest proteins
4) Nucleases digest nucleic acids

60
Q

what is the liver?

A

the liver Secretes bile. Bile is produced in the liver, and stored in the gall bladder.

61
Q

what is bile?

A

a greenish-yellow fluid
Made of bile pigments and bile salts

62
Q

what do bile salts digest?

A

fats

63
Q

what is the pancreas?

A

Pancreas secretes pancreatic fluid into duodenum.

64
Q

what is the Jejunum?

A

Contains even more folds than the duodenum. Breaks down the remaining proteins and carbohydrates

65
Q

what is the Ileum?

A

Its function is to absorb nutrients. it will push any remaining undigested material into the large intestine

66
Q

Digestion of carbohydrates starts in the….

A

mouth

67
Q

Digestion of lipids starts in the…

A

oral cavity

68
Q

Digestion of proteins and nucleic acids starts in the….

A

the stomach

69
Q

what happens in the large intestine?

A

Much shorter/wider than small
intestine. Main function of colon is to absorb water back into blood. Remaining indigestible matter is sent to rectum

70
Q

what are the 3 portions on the large intestine?

A
  1. Ascending colon (larger part)
  2. Transverse colon (middle)
  3. Descending colon (near rectum)
71
Q

what vitamins do the large intestine produce?

A

vitamins B and vitamin K

72
Q

what happens in the rectum/anus?

A

Waste travels through rectum and exits body through anus.
Signals are sent from brain to trigger an urge to go to the bathroom.

73
Q

what is the anal sphincter?

A

group of muscles surrounding the anus that controls release of stool

74
Q

what are the symptoms of constipation?

A

Bowel movements reduced to 3 times/week or less, stools are dry, small and difficult to eliminate.

75
Q

what is the cause of constipation?

A

Lack of good nerve & muscle function in bowel Unhealthy diet, lacking fiber, Lack of physical activities

76
Q

what is the treatment for constipation?

A

Eat fiber-rich foods (whole grain bread, rice, beans, peas, lentils, flax, vegetables, etc.)

Digestive system unit 2 science (1 decks)

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