Digestive System & Excretory System Flashcards
What best describes the role of the digestive systems in humans?
breaks down and absorbs nutrients, salts, and water
The action of chemical digestion occurs mainly due to ___.
enzymes and acids
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
mouth
Food moves in only one direction through the digestive system because of ___.
sphincters and peristalsis
What type of digestion does this scenario describe?
muscle contractions in the small intestine break down food
mechanical digestion
What type of digestion does this scenario describe?
teeth are used to shred and grind food
mechanical digestion
What type of digestion does this scenario describe?
the enzyme pepsin breaks protein into amino acids in the stomach
chemical digestion
What type of digestion does this scenario describe?
the walls of the stomach contract to mix food with gastric juices
mechanical digestion
What type of digestion does this scenario describe?
arbohydrates are broken down using salivary amlyase, an enzyme found in the saliva that targets starch
chemical digestion
What enzyme found in the saliva breaks chemical bonds between the sugar monomers in starches?
amylase
Where does the body primarily break down proteins?
stomach
What type of digestion occurs in the stomach?
mechanical and chemical
Starches are digested into simpler sugars in the ___.
mouth and small intestine
Match this accessory organ with its function.
gallbladder
stores bile
Match this accessory organ with its function.
pancreas
secretes enzymes to break down fats as food passes into the small intestine
Match this accessory organ with its function.
liver
produces bile that breaks fat into smaller droplets for easier digestion
What shows the pathway food takes, beginning with the mouth?
mouth –> esophagus–> stomach–> small intestine–> large intestine–> rectum–> anus
A person whose gallbladder has been removed would want to avoid fatty foods, because his body would be unable to store __.
bile
Match the structure with the material it absorbs.
Small intestine
Absorbs nutrients
Match the structure with the material it absorbs.
Large intestine
Absorbs water
The purpose of villi and microvilli in the small intestine is to ___.
increase surface area for the absorption of nutrients
The digestive system interacts with multiple other systems to keep the organisms healthy. One of these interactions is with the _______________ system because nutrients and water are absorbed directly into capillaries.
circulatory
What is NOT true about the large intestine?
It absorbs many nutrients into the blood stream.
What is the main function of the excretory system?
get rid of non-solid waste products from cells
