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BECOM II Exam 4 > Digestive System Development I&II > Flashcards

Digestive System Development I&II Flashcards

1
Q

where does most of the GI derive from?

A

endoderm

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2
Q

what controls the regional differentiation?

A

sonic and indian hedgehog - SHH, IHH

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3
Q

intraperitoneal vs retroperitoneal surgery

A

intraperitoneal less invasive

  • require less cutting
  • faster recovery time
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4
Q

what happens with hypertrophy of the falciform ligament?

A

underdeveloped liver and will not have Barr area –> caught under diaphragm causing respiratory problems

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5
Q

effects of Doral mesentery problems?

A

cannot anchor stomach or develop greater omentum

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6
Q

blood supply of foregut?***

A

celiac trunk

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7
Q

what occurs with fast proliferation of epithelial cells of esophagus?

A

can narrow esophagus causing atresia or stenosis

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8
Q

stomach rotation

A

dorsal border grows faster to become greater curvature & rotates 90 degrees

  • lesser curvature to right, greater curv. to left
  • left vagus (anterior wall); right vagus (posterior wall)
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9
Q

duodenum development

A

formed from foregut and midgut

  • beginning part –> celiac trunk
  • inferior part –> SMA
  • rotate to right w/ stomach
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10
Q

difference b/w child who’s epithelium did not undergo apoptosis in esophagus vs one who’s did not in duodenum?**

A

esophagus –> trapped food

duodenum –> inhibition of digestion

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11
Q

midgut development

A

midgut herniates into umbilical cord & begins rotation beginning of 6th week
-GI tract grows faster than abdominal cavity

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12
Q

what happens during malroation of midgut?**

A

can impinge on SMA –> ishemia to midgut

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13
Q

what is the hindgut supplied by?

A

IMA

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14
Q

what does the cloaca differentiate into in humans

A

urogenital sinus, anus, and rectum

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15
Q

hemorrhoids

A
  • internal hemorrhoids –> nonpainful, rectal bleeding, dark red blood
  • external hemorrhoids –> painful, bright red blood
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16
Q

where is midgut pain associated with?

A

umbilical region

17
Q

stenosis

A

abnormal NARROWING of lumen

  • result of incomplete recanalization or hypertrophy of adjacent structure
  • hypertrophic pyloric –> projectile vomiting
  • duodenum –> vomit includes bile
18
Q

atresias

A

abnormal CLOSING of lumen

  • always by failure of recanalization/apoptosis
  • esophageal –> from polyhydroamnios mothers
  • duodenal –> premies, Down syndrome, polyhydroamnios mothers, vomitus bile
  • extrahepatic biliary –> jaundice 2-6 weeks after birth
19
Q

different atresias

A
  • atresia before stomach –> vomit undigested milk
  • atresia of duodenum before bile duct opening –> vomit digested milk w/o bile
  • atresia of duodenum after bile duct opening –> vomit digested milk w/ bile
20
Q

annular pancreas

A

2 parts of ventral pancreatic duct grow and fuse with dorsal pancreatic duct –> atresia or stenosis to duodenum either before or after bile duct opening

21
Q

congenital omphalocele

A

failure of umbilical ring closure (mesenchymal defect)

-intestines found herniated in umbilical cord

22
Q

umbilical hernia

A

similar to omphalocele, not as severe

  • intestines do not protrude into umbilicus
  • protrude only when coughing or crying only
23
Q

gastroschisis

A

intestines grow outside body –> protrude through hole near umbilical cord

24
Q

midgut non rotation

A

small intestine on right side, large intestine on left

  • organs not where they are suppose to be
  • volvulus twisting of SMA –> midgut ischemia
  • ex. appendicitis symptoms but appendix not where its suppose to be
25
Q

mixed rotation and volvulus

A

-cecum below pylorus –> duodenal obstruction

26
Q

reversed rotation

A

SMA can compress transverse colon –> stenosis

-stenosis of transverse colon and reduced blood flow through SMA

27
Q

subhepatic cecum and appendix

A

cecum does not separate from liver

-can cause appendicitis –> appendectomy

28
Q

internal hernia

A

intestinal loop passes through mesenteric defect –> obstructed or strangled
-ex. part of duodenum herniated and trapped behind mesentery wall

29
Q

midgut volvulus

A

twisting of midgut over duodenum –> obstructed duodenum

-sometimes bile, sometimes not

30
Q

omphaloenteric duct remnant

A

ductal remnants that develop into cysts in umbilicus

  • large cysts –> obstruction of GI
  • may persist as vitelline artery
  • associated with sirenomelia
31
Q

ileal (meckel) diverticulum

A

outpouching of ileum w/ vitelline duct/yolk sac remnant

  • dark feces, upper GI bleed, obstruct, volvulus
  • mimic appendicitis
  • diverticulitis if food gets stuck
32
Q

Hirschsprung disease

A

congenital megacolon
-failure of neural crest cells to migrate –> no autonomic ganglion cells in myenteric plexus –> no peristalsis –> feces stuck in colon

33
Q

anorectal birth defects

A
  • imperforate anus - higher in females

- failure of urorectal septum to separate urogenital from anorectal regions

BECOM II Exam 4 (10 decks)

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