Digestive System Development Flashcards

1
Q

oropharyngeal membrane is made up of ______

A

ectoderm & endoderm

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2
Q

gastrulation

A

establishes the 3 germ layers within the embryo - ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

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3
Q

All three germ layers contribute to the formation of the digestive system

A

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4
Q

ectoderm’s role

A

neural crest cells from neuroectoderm become neurons of the enteric system

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5
Q

mesoderm’s role

A

connective tissue, muscular components, and peritoneal components

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6
Q

endoderm

A

epithelium of GI tract and parenchyma of glands

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7
Q

cranial/caudal folding

A

sagittal - growth of the head and tail regions that cause the embryo to curve into fetal position - opens the gut tube into the yolk sac narrows - forms a small connection (vitelline) - incorporated into the umbilical cord

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8
Q

lateral folding

A

grows ventrally - consists of the parietal somatic layer and overlying ectoderm - folds meet in the midline & fuse to close ventral body

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9
Q

gut tube is divided into 3 regions

A

foregut, midgut, hindgut

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10
Q

foregut

A

extends from oropharyngeal membrane to liver outgrowth -

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11
Q

oropharyngeal membrane

A

separates the stomodeum from the pharynx

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12
Q

midgut

A

begins caudal to the liver and extends to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

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13
Q

hindgut

A

from the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon to the cloacal membrane (ectoderm & endoderm form this membrane)

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14
Q

mesentery

A

double layer of peritoneum that encloses an organ and connects it to the body wall

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15
Q

intraperitoneal

A

organs which are completely enclosed in mesentery and connected to wall via mesentery

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16
Q

retroperiotneal

A

organ that lies against the posterior body wall and is covered with periotneum on anterior surface only

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17
Q

dorsal mesentery

A

formed via visceral mesoderm layers and meeting and fusing in midline - suspends the caudal part of the foregut, the midgut, and some of the hindgut

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18
Q

divisions of the dorsal mesentery

A

dorsal mesogastrium, mesoduodenum, dorsal mesocolon, mesentery proper

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19
Q

dorsal mesogastrium

A

greater omentum - dorsal mesentery in region of the stomach

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20
Q

mesoduodenum

A

dorsal mesentery in region of the duodenum

21
Q

dorsal mesocolon

A

dorsal mesentery in region of the colon

22
Q

mesentery proper

A

dorsal mesentery of jejunal and ileal loops

23
Q

ventral mesentery is derived from the _______

A

septum transversum

24
Q

liver divides the ventral mesentery into:

A

lesser omentum & falciform ligament

25
Q

lesser omentum

A

extends from lower portion of esophagus, stomach, & upper portion of duodenum to liver

26
Q

falciform ligament

A

extends from liver to ventral body wall

27
Q

each gut region is supplied by one of 3 major arteries off of abdominal aorta

A

forgut (celiac trunk) , midgut (superior mesenteric artery), hindgut (inferior mesenteric artery)

28
Q

foregut

A

blood supply: celiac trunk

Derivatives: esophagus, trachea, stomach, duodenum, liver, biliary apparatus, pancreas

29
Q

foregut divides into:

A

respiratory primordium & esophagus

30
Q

esophagus

A

upper 2/3: striated muscle & vagus nerve — lower 1/3 smooth muscle & splanchnic plexus

31
Q

left vagus nerve innervates the

A

anterior wall fo the stomach

32
Q

the right vagus nerve innervates

A

the posterior wall of the stomach

33
Q

duodenum is formed from____

A

the terminal part of foregut and cephalic part of the midgut

34
Q

hepatic cells invade the septum transversum, narrowing the connection between the liver bud and foregut creating the ___

A

common bile duct - ventral outgrowth forms the gallbladder & cystic duct

35
Q

pancreas is formed by 2 buds

A

dorsal pancreatic & ventral pancreatic

36
Q

main pancreatic duct (of Wirsung)

A

formed by the distal part of dorsal duct + ventral duct - with the bile duct, is enters the duodenum at major papilla

37
Q

accessory pancreatic duct (of Santorini)

A

formed by proximal part of dorsal - enters at MINOR papilla

38
Q

Midgut

A

Blood supply: SMA - begins just distal to the entrance of bile duct into duodenum - ends at the jxn. of proximal 2/3 transverse colon

39
Q

vitelline duct abnormalities

A

meckel diverticulum, vitelline cyst, vitelline fistula

40
Q

meckel diverticulum

A

2-4% - small portion of vitelline duct persists as an outpocketing of the ileum

41
Q

vitelline cyst

A

both ends of vitelline duct may develop into fibrous cords , with the middle portion forming a large cyst

42
Q

vitelline fistula

A

vitelline duct remain patent over its entire length, leading to direct communications between the umbilicus & intestinal tract

43
Q

mesentery proper

A

mesentery of the jejunoileal loops -

44
Q

Hindgut

A

gives rise to: distal 1/3 of transverse colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper part of anal canal - forms internal lining of bladder & urethra - blood supply: IMA

45
Q

cloaca

A

endoderm lined cavity covered at its ventral boundary by surface ectoderm

46
Q

urorectal septum

A

wedge of mesoderm that separates the region between the allantois and hindgut

47
Q

superior 2/3 of anal canal derived from

A

endorderm of hindgut

48
Q

inferior 1/3 of anal canal derived from

A

invaginating ectoderm