Digestive System (chapter 7) Flashcards
What’s the digestive system responsible for?
the breakdown of food so it can be taken to the bloodstream by body cells and tissue
Major way foods broken down
physical and chemical
Physical breakdown
when you mechanically breakdown food like chewing and using muscle action
Chemical breakdown
when digestive enzymes break food down into simpler nutrients that can be used by cells ; saliva
Components
consists of alimentary and accessory organs
Alimentary
mouth, beginning at long muscle tube
Accessory
going down into digestive
what do these components do
absorb nutrients and eliminate wastes
Stages
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and Eliminating
Ingestion
taking in
Digestion
breaking down
Absorption
taking nutrients by blood or lymph capillaries (form plasma into tissue spaces)
Elimination
expelling wastes
Pathway
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anal canal
Mouth
Teeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion by breaking down food
Tongue
contain taste sensory, taste buds
Teeth
break down food (physical)
Saliva
mixed chewed food
after foods mixes with saliva what does it form?
bolus
Uvula
sends food toward esophagus - soft palate
Salivary glands
Begins chemical breakdown and changes starch into maltose to help moisten & breakdown food
Largest salivary gland
parotid gland
On the floor of the mouth
submandibular gland
Under the tongue
sublingual gland
Pharynx and Esophagus
Bolus through the pharynx, Epiglottis closes over trachea
Esophagus
Bolus enters esophagus and moves along (10inch tube)
Moves food along digestive tract
Peristalsis
Stomach
storage area for food to be digested and changed into a liquid to prepare for enzyme action
Medical term for stomach
gastro
rings of muscle
Two sphincters
chyme
Bolus becoming liquid
Small Intestine
Prepares food for absorption and aids in breakdown of sugars, proteins, fats
Small Intestine parts
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Large Intestine
Absorbs water, minerals, and remaining nutrients
Function of Large Intestine
Transports solid waste products out of body
Parts of Colon
Ascending colon, Transverse colon, Descending colon, Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Stores non-digestive wastes (feces)
Anal Canal
Eliminates solid wastes
Rectum and Anal Canal
both expel wastes from the body
Accessory Organs
Help break down nutrients into usable substances
Largest organ in body
Liver
Liver
Produces bile
Metabolizes carbohydrates, fats, and proteins and removes toxins and bacteria
Gallbladder
Stores bile and brings to the small intestine
Pancreas
breaks down protein, matains insulin and releases enzymes into small intestines
Name all accessory organs
Stomach, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Bile duct, Duodenum, Jejunum
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (important)
GERD
Ulcer sore (important)
develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach, or small intestine.
Hirschsprung disease (important)
A condition of the large intestine that causes difficulty passing stool.
Crohn disease (important)
chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the digestive tract
Diverticulitis (important)
inflammation or infection in one or more small pouches in the digestive tract
Hepatitis C (important)
viral infection that may have mild to no symptoms and may become chronic
alcohol or tylenol abuse may lead to (important)
cirrhosis
Pancreatitis (important)
the redness and swelling of the pancreas when enzymes begin to attack the pancreas
Colon Cancer (important)
Affects the large intestine with symptoms like weight loss and more
Constipation
infrequent or uncomfy, unable to produce feces
Treatment for constipation (important)
high fiber diet or enenas on the left position
conclusion
The digestive system keeps the body in
balance by maintaining adequate hydration to
include electrolytes and nutrition
