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Science > Digestive System And Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Digestive System And Photosynthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

Traits of Passive Transport

A

Included simple diffusion and osmosis, no energy required, goes down the concentration gradient

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2
Q

What does the cell use to do active transportation

A

A carrier protein and an energy carrying molecule

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3
Q

What is active transport?

A

It is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

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4
Q

What is the basic process of active transport?

A

Particles go against the concentration gradient through a protein carrier

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5
Q

How to calculate the surface area to volume ratio

A

Surface area divided by volume

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6
Q

Why would an animal adapt to have large ears?

A

To increase its surface area so it will increase heat loss

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7
Q

Why would an animal adapt to have a smaller surface area?

A

So it has less heat loss

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8
Q

Name three organ systems of a plant

A

Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Xylem System

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9
Q

What does a plant’s circulatory system transport?

A

Glucose, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Fatty acids, Water, Amino acids

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10
Q

What does a plant’s respiratory system transport?

A

Oxygen, Air, Carbon Dioxide

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11
Q

What does a plant’s Xylem/Phloem system transport?

A

Sugars (Glucose), Water, Dissolved minerals, Amino acids

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12
Q

What does xylem transport?

A

Water

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13
Q

Examples of Adaptations for gas exchange

A

Thin (Shorter diffusion distance), Moist (Dissolves gases for quicker diffusion), Large surface area, Good blood supply

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14
Q

Specialised feature of Xylem/Phloem system

A

Made of cells with no cytoplasm with extra structure from lignin

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15
Q

Definition of Masticate

A

Chop/chew food in mouth

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16
Q

Definition of Digestion

A

Turns large insoluble molecules until smaller soluble ones

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17
Q

Definition of Peristalsis

A

Muscle contraction to squeeze food down oesophagus

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18
Q

What is Bolus?

A

What saliva turns food into

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19
Q

What does the Gallbladder do?

A

Stores the bile that the liver makes

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20
Q

Malnutrition

A

When something has an unbalanced diet

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21
Q

What do carbohydrates do?

A

They are the main source of energy

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22
Q

What are fats for?

A

Protection, Insulation and an energy store

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23
Q

What are proteins for?

A

Muscle growth and repair

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24
Q

What are vitamins and minerals for?

A

General health

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25
Q

What is fibre for?

A

To help digestion

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26
Q

Types of carbohydrates

A

Simple (sugars), Complex (Starch, fibre)

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27
Q

Cause of Kwashiorkor

A

Lack of protein

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28
Q

Cause of anaemia

A

Lack of iron

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29
Q

Cause of Ricketts

A

Lack of vitamin D

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30
Q

Cause of Scurvy

A

Lack of vitamin C

31
Q

Cause of Night Blindness

A

Lack of vitamin A

32
Q

Symptoms of Kwashiorkor

A

Small and weak, often has bloated belly

33
Q

Symptoms of Anaemia

A

Weakness and tiredness

34
Q

Symptoms of Ricketts

A

Bone pain and bendy bones

35
Q

Symptoms of Scurvy

A

Purplish spots on skin, spongy gums, often leads to teeth loss

36
Q

Symptoms of Night Blindness

A

Dry eyes, Blurred vision

37
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions but without being used up

38
Q

What are enzymes made up of?

A

Enzymes are protein molecules and so are made up of amino acids

39
Q

The substance that enters the active site.

A

The Reactant/Substrate

40
Q

What the Reactant/Substrate enters

A

The active site

41
Q

The name of when the substrate/reactant joins with the enzyme

A

The enzyme-reactant complex

42
Q

What does the enzyme-reactant complex turn into?

A

The enzyme and the products

43
Q

What does an enzyme do to a reaction?

A

It lowers the activation energy of a reaction

44
Q

What is the activation energy?

A

The amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place

45
Q

Why can an enzyme only speed up one reaction?

A

The active site is specifically shaped for the specific substrate it attaches to

46
Q

What is it called when heat changes the shape of an enzyme?

A

Denaturing

47
Q

Why can’t a denatured enzyme attach to its substrate?

A

It’s active site is no longer the correct shape

48
Q

What is the optimum?

A

The heat the enzyme works best at

49
Q

What is the lock and key theory?

A

How enzymes work

50
Q

Factors that affect enzymes

A

Temperature, pH, pressure, surface area, substrate concentration

51
Q

Factors that increase the rate of absorption

A

Surface area increase, distance decrease, a steeper concentration gradient and a higher temperature

52
Q

Adaptations of a small intestine

A

Villi and microvilli, a thin membrane, good blood supply, lots of mitochondria for energy for active transport

53
Q

What is absorption?

A

A route by which substances can enter the body

54
Q

What are nutrients?

A

They are (essentially) substances your body needs to survive

55
Q

What is the Starch test?

A

Add a few drops of iodine, if it changes from orangey-brown to blueish-black, it contains starch

56
Q

What is the test for Glucose?

A

Add some Benedict’s solution, heat it up for a few minutes. If it changes from blue to red precipitate (can’t dissolve) it contains glucose

57
Q

What is the test for Lipids (Fat)

A

Rub it on filter paper, if it goes transparent then fat is present

58
Q

What is the test for proteins?

A

Add a few drops of Biurets solution to the sample and heat for a few moments. If it turns purple, protein is present

59
Q

What is the enzyme used on proteins

A

Protease

60
Q

What is the enzyme for Carbohydrates?

A

Amylase

61
Q

What is the enzyme used for fats(lipids)

A

Lipase

62
Q

How are the conditions for photosynthesis met in a leaf?

A

Light energy is absorbed by the pigment chlorophyll (which is found in chloroplasts)

63
Q

What are the Adaptations of a leaf?

A

Chlorophyll, being thin, it’s wide and flat, it has veins, stomata

64
Q

What is the first step of photosynthesis?

A

The light energy splits the water into oxygen and hydrogen ions

65
Q

What is a Stomata?

A

Pores (holes) on the underside of leaves through which gases move in and out

66
Q

What is cellular respiration (essentially)?

A

Aerobic respiration

67
Q

What is Biomass?

A

The total mass of living material (excluding water) in each trophic level

68
Q

Name the uses of glucose in plants

A

In respiration to release energy, stored as starch (which is insoluble in water), stored as fats and oils, to make cellulose for cell walls, to form amino acids

69
Q

Around what percentage of biomass is transferred to the next trophic layer?

A

10%

70
Q

Name 3 examples of trophic layers

A

Producers, Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers etc

71
Q

How can consumed biomass be lost?

A

Cellular respiration, Egestion and Excretion

72
Q

Efficiency of Biomass Transfer=

A

(Biomass transferred to next level divided by the amount of biomass available at previous level) x100

73
Q

What value is the efficiency of biomass transfer given in?

A

Percentage

Science (7 decks)

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