Digestive System And Photosynthesis

Question 1

Traits of Passive Transport

Answer 1

Included simple diffusion and osmosis, no energy required, goes down the concentration gradient

Question 2

What does the cell use to do active transportation

Answer 2

A carrier protein and an energy carrying molecule

Question 3

What is active transport?

Answer 3

It is the movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Question 4

What is the basic process of active transport?

Answer 4

Particles go against the concentration gradient through a protein carrier

Question 5

How to calculate the surface area to volume ratio

Answer 5

Surface area divided by volume

Question 6

Why would an animal adapt to have large ears?

Answer 6

To increase its surface area so it will increase heat loss

Question 7

Why would an animal adapt to have a smaller surface area?

Answer 7

So it has less heat loss

Question 8

Name three organ systems of a plant

Answer 8

Respiratory system, Circulatory system, Xylem System

Question 9

What does a plant’s circulatory system transport?

Answer 9

Glucose, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide, Fatty acids, Water, Amino acids

Question 10

What does a plant’s respiratory system transport?

Answer 10

Oxygen, Air, Carbon Dioxide

Question 11

What does a plant’s Xylem/Phloem system transport?

Answer 11

Sugars (Glucose), Water, Dissolved minerals, Amino acids

Question 12

What does xylem transport?

Answer 12

Water

Question 13

Examples of Adaptations for gas exchange

Answer 13

Thin (Shorter diffusion distance), Moist (Dissolves gases for quicker diffusion), Large surface area, Good blood supply

Question 14

Specialised feature of Xylem/Phloem system

Answer 14

Made of cells with no cytoplasm with extra structure from lignin

Question 15

Definition of Masticate

Answer 15

Chop/chew food in mouth

Question 16

Definition of Digestion

Answer 16

Turns large insoluble molecules until smaller soluble ones

Question 17

Definition of Peristalsis

Answer 17

Muscle contraction to squeeze food down oesophagus

Question 18

What is Bolus?

Answer 18

What saliva turns food into

Question 19

What does the Gallbladder do?

Answer 19

Stores the bile that the liver makes

Question 20

Malnutrition

Answer 20

When something has an unbalanced diet

Question 21

What do carbohydrates do?

Answer 21

They are the main source of energy

Question 22

What are fats for?

Answer 22

Protection, Insulation and an energy store

Question 23

What are proteins for?

Answer 23

Muscle growth and repair

Question 24

What are vitamins and minerals for?

Answer 24

General health

Question 25

What is fibre for?

Answer 25

To help digestion

Question 26

Types of carbohydrates

Answer 26

Simple (sugars), Complex (Starch, fibre)

Question 27

Cause of Kwashiorkor

Answer 27

Lack of protein

Question 28

Cause of anaemia

Answer 28

Lack of iron

Question 29

Cause of Ricketts

Answer 29

Lack of vitamin D

Question 30

Cause of Scurvy

Answer 30

Lack of vitamin C

Question 31

Cause of Night Blindness

Answer 31

Lack of vitamin A

Question 32

Symptoms of Kwashiorkor

Answer 32

Small and weak, often has bloated belly

Question 33

Symptoms of Anaemia

Answer 33

Weakness and tiredness

Question 34

Symptoms of Ricketts

Answer 34

Bone pain and bendy bones

Question 35

Symptoms of Scurvy

Answer 35

Purplish spots on skin, spongy gums, often leads to teeth loss

Question 36

Symptoms of Night Blindness

Answer 36

Dry eyes, Blurred vision

Question 37

What is an enzyme?

Answer 37

Enzymes are biological catalysts, they speed up chemical reactions but without being used up

Question 38

What are enzymes made up of?

Answer 38

Enzymes are protein molecules and so are made up of amino acids

Question 39

The substance that enters the active site.

Answer 39

The Reactant/Substrate

Question 40

What the Reactant/Substrate enters

Answer 40

The active site

Question 41

The name of when the substrate/reactant joins with the enzyme

Answer 41

The enzyme-reactant complex

Question 42

What does the enzyme-reactant complex turn into?

Answer 42

The enzyme and the products

Question 43

What does an enzyme do to a reaction?

Answer 43

It lowers the activation energy of a reaction

Question 44

What is the activation energy?

Answer 44

The amount of energy needed for a reaction to take place

Question 45

Why can an enzyme only speed up one reaction?

Answer 45

The active site is specifically shaped for the specific substrate it attaches to

Question 46

What is it called when heat changes the shape of an enzyme?

Answer 46

Denaturing

Question 47

Why can’t a denatured enzyme attach to its substrate?

Answer 47

It’s active site is no longer the correct shape

Question 48

What is the optimum?

Answer 48

The heat the enzyme works best at

Question 49

What is the lock and key theory?

Answer 49

How enzymes work

Question 50

Factors that affect enzymes

Answer 50

Temperature, pH, pressure, surface area, substrate concentration

Question 51

Factors that increase the rate of absorption

Answer 51

Surface area increase, distance decrease, a steeper concentration gradient and a higher temperature

Question 52

Adaptations of a small intestine

Answer 52

Villi and microvilli, a thin membrane, good blood supply, lots of mitochondria for energy for active transport

Question 53

What is absorption?

Answer 53

A route by which substances can enter the body

Question 54

What are nutrients?

Answer 54

They are (essentially) substances your body needs to survive

Question 55

What is the Starch test?

Answer 55

Add a few drops of iodine, if it changes from orangey-brown to blueish-black, it contains starch

Question 56

What is the test for Glucose?

Answer 56

Add some Benedict’s solution, heat it up for a few minutes. If it changes from blue to red precipitate (can’t dissolve) it contains glucose

Question 57

What is the test for Lipids (Fat)

Answer 57

Rub it on filter paper, if it goes transparent then fat is present

Question 58

What is the test for proteins?

Answer 58

Add a few drops of Biurets solution to the sample and heat for a few moments. If it turns purple, protein is present

Question 59

What is the enzyme used on proteins

Answer 59

Protease

Question 60

What is the enzyme for Carbohydrates?

Answer 60

Amylase

Question 61

What is the enzyme used for fats(lipids)

Answer 61

Lipase

Question 62

How are the conditions for photosynthesis met in a leaf?

Answer 62

Light energy is absorbed by the pigment chlorophyll (which is found in chloroplasts)

Question 63

What are the Adaptations of a leaf?

Answer 63

Chlorophyll, being thin, it’s wide and flat, it has veins, stomata

Question 64

What is the first step of photosynthesis?

Answer 64

The light energy splits the water into oxygen and hydrogen ions

Question 65

What is a Stomata?

Answer 65

Pores (holes) on the underside of leaves through which gases move in and out

Question 66

What is cellular respiration (essentially)?

Answer 66

Aerobic respiration

Question 67

What is Biomass?

Answer 67

The total mass of living material (excluding water) in each trophic level

Question 68

Name the uses of glucose in plants

Answer 68

In respiration to release energy, stored as starch (which is insoluble in water), stored as fats and oils, to make cellulose for cell walls, to form amino acids

Question 69

Around what percentage of biomass is transferred to the next trophic layer?

Answer 69

10%

Question 70

Name 3 examples of trophic layers

Answer 70

Producers, Primary Consumers, Secondary Consumers etc

Question 71

How can consumed biomass be lost?

Answer 71

Cellular respiration, Egestion and Excretion

Question 72

Efficiency of Biomass Transfer=

Answer 72

(Biomass transferred to next level divided by the amount of biomass available at previous level) x100

Question 73

What value is the efficiency of biomass transfer given in?

Answer 73

Percentage