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A&P II Lecture Final > Digestive System Anatomy > Flashcards

Digestive System Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system is categorized into two categories

A

organs of the alimentary canal and accessory digestive organs

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2
Q

What is the continuous muscular tube that extends from the mouth to the anus

A

Alimentary canal

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3
Q

What are the organs of the alimentary canal?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine

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4
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, digestive glands

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5
Q

What is the serous membrane which lines the walls and organs of the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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6
Q

What peritoneum covers the external surface of the ORGANS within the abdominal cavity

A

Visceral Peritoneum

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7
Q

Which peritoneum lines the internal surface of the WALLS of the abdominal cavity

A

Parietal Peritoneum

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8
Q

What is a fused double layer of peritoneum that extends from the body wall to a digestive organ; many organs are held in place by these

A

Mesentaries

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9
Q

what lie against the posterior abdominal wall(not suspended by mesentary); Examples are:pancreas, bladder, kidneys

A

Retroperitoneal

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10
Q

what part of the oral cavity is mainly muscle, process of mastication and speech

A

Lips/Cheek

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11
Q

what forms the bony part of the oral cavity

A

palate

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12
Q

what is the ANTERIOR bony portion of roof of the mouth; food gets pushed against it during chewing and plays a role in speech

A

Hard Palate

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13
Q

what is the POSTERIOR bony portion of the roof of the mouth; closes off nasopharynx when we swallow

A

Soft Palate

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14
Q

This part of the oral cavity aids in chewing, swallowing, and speech

A

Tongue

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15
Q

What produce and secrete saliva?

A

salivary glands

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16
Q

What is the function of saliva?

A

cleanse mouth, dissolve food chemicals, and salivary enzyme(begins chemical breakdown of starches)

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17
Q

What salivary gland is located posterior to each ear?

A

Parotid Gland

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18
Q

What salivary gland is located below the tongue?

A

Sublingual

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19
Q

What salivary gland is inferior to the mandible

A

submandibular gland

20
Q

What is known as the throat?

A

Pharynx

21
Q

What is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and is a passageway for food

A

Esophagus

22
Q

Where is food broken down mechanically and chemically?

A

Stomach

23
Q

How many muscular layers does the stomach have and what are their names

A

3; Longitudinal, Circular, and Oblique

24
Q

what gland releases substances that chemically digest food

A

gastric gland

25
Q

What type of tissue is the internal stomach lined with?

A

simple squamous columnar

26
Q

Where is digestion completed and nearly all abosorption happening?

A

Small Intestine

27
Q

Why is there more opportunity for absorption to occur in the small intestine?

A

more surface area, longer length, and contain villi and microvilli

28
Q

What is the first portion of the small intestine? It is made of simple columnar epithelium, and has glands that produce an alkaline substance that neutralizes acidic chime

A

Duodenum

29
Q

What is the middle portion of the small intestine? It is composed of simple columnar epithelium

A

Jejunum

30
Q

What is the last portion of the small intestine called? It is also composed of simple columnar epithelium

A

Ileum

31
Q

What is the second largest ORGAN and also the LARGEST gland

A

Liver

32
Q

What are the functions of the liver?

A

stores glucose as glycogen, takes waste products out of blood, and produces bile

33
Q

What duct carries bile away from the liver; it is formed by the union of right and left hepatic ducts

A

Common Hepatic Duct

34
Q

What ducts joins the cystic duct to form the common bile duct?

A

Common Hepatic Duct

35
Q

What duct joins pancreatic duct and forms the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

Common Bile Duct

36
Q

What organ is located in abdomen partially behind the stomach?

A

Pancrease

37
Q

What hormones does the pancreas produce?

A

Insulin and Glucagon

38
Q

The pancreas also produces enzymes that aid in the digestion of what 3 things?

A

Carbs, Fats, and Proteins in the small intestine

39
Q

What extends from the small intestine to the anus?

A

Large Intestine

40
Q

What are the functions of the large intestine?

A

absorption of water and elimination of waste products

41
Q

What is the first part of the large intestine; The vermiform appendix is attached here; This part plays a role in immunity by collecting bacteria

A

Cecum

42
Q

What consists of the ascending, hepatic flexure, transverse, splenic flexure, descending, and sigmoid?

A

Colon

43
Q

What is the portion of the Large Intestine that is located between sigmoid colon and anal canal and it stores feces

A

Rectum

44
Q

What is the last 2-3 cm of the digestive tract? It extends from rectum to anus?

A

Anal Canal

45
Q

What sphincter is made up of smooth muscle and gives us the urge to go?

A

Internal Anal Sphincter

46
Q

What sphincter is made up of skeletal muscles and allows us to chose when a good time is to shit out our taco bell?

A

External Anal Sphincter

A&P II Lecture Final (2 decks)

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