Digestive System Flashcards
Role of Digestion
To absorb and digest food molecules to help the body and then get rid of it
Organs involved
Mouth, Oesophagus (Gullet), Liver, Gall Bladder, Stomach, Pancreas, Small Intestine(Ileum), Large Intestine(Colon), Bowels, Appendix, Anus
Function of Organs
Mouth - Teeth + tongue breaks up (gland called salivary gland) > Produces Amylase > Starch in glucose
Oesophagus(Gullet) - Peristalsis = muscle contraction + relaxation
Liver - Secrets Bile
Gall Bladder - Stores Bile > Releases into Small Intestine
Stomach - Hydrochloric Acid = extremely strong > break down food smaller than teeth + try to kill any micro-organism on food
Pancreas - Releases Proteas > Breaks down proteins into Amino Acids > Into Small Intestine
Small Intestine(Ileum) - Contains Villi that absorb Glucose + Fatty Acids + Glycerol + Amino Acids into bloodstream > left with waste+ water
Large Intestine(Colon) - Absorbs water into our blood
Bowels - Residual food stored until opened
Anus - Waste comes out
Peristalsis
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract
Bile
Breaks down Lipids into Fatty Acids + Glycerol, Secreted in the Liver
Villi
Located in the Small Intestine. Small finger-like structures that increase surface area for absorbtion of nutrients
How is the Small Intestine adapted for its function
It’s long, has villi and microvilli that increase surface area, uses muscular contractions to move and mix food, and receiving and housing digestive enzymes and bile that help the breakdown of food
Enzyme
Lock + Key Model
How does temperature affect and Enzyme
Too Hot - Denature
Too Cold - Powers Down
Denaturing
The active site changes shape so it can no longer break down molecules
Where are enzymes released?
Pancreas/Small Intestine
Key enzymes and what they do
Protease: Breaks down protein into small peptides and amino acids
Lipase: Breaks down fat into fatty acids glycerol
Amylase: Breaks down carbs like starch into simple sugars.
Maltase: Breaks down Maltose into Glucose. Secreted form Pancreas + Small Intestine
Pepsin: Breaks down Proteins
How to test for Starch
Combine Starch + Amylase over a bunsen burner. Take some out and put some iodine solution on it.
How changing the temperature affects amylase on the breakdown of starch
If it turns yellow/brown if there is no starch. Blue/Black if there is starch
