Digestive System

Question 1

Polyethylene glycol

Answer 1

GoLYTELY is a laxative for use before a colonoscopy

Question 2

Orlistat (Xenical)

Answer 2

Weight loss medication that blocks some ingested fat and sends it to the digestive tract.

Question 3

Pancrelipase

Answer 3

Creon is known for improving digestion

Question 4

Sucralfate

Answer 4

Carafate is used for ulcers

Question 5

Misoprostol

Answer 5

Cytotec is for preventing stomach ulcers

Question 6

Cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine

Answer 6

Tagamet, Pepcid, Axid, and Zantac are histamine-2 blockers and are used as antacids. Also used for ulcers.

Question 7

Esomeprazole, Pantoprazole, omeprazole, and lansomeprazole

Answer 7

Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix and Prilosec are all proton pump inhibitors

Question 8

Ondansetron

Answer 8

Zofran is prescribed to prevent nausea and vomiting

Question 9

Metoclopramide

Answer 9

Reglan is a gut stimulator used to prevent nausea.

Question 10

Dicyclomine

Answer 10

Bentyl is an antispasmodic for irritable bowel syndrome

Question 11

Hyoscyamine

Answer 11

Levsin is for gut muscle spasms

Question 12

Prochlorperazine and trimethobenzamide

Answer 12

Compazine and Tigan are for nausea

Question 13

Dimenhydrinate

Answer 13

Dramamine is for nausea and motion sickness

Question 14

Diphenoxylate/atropine

Answer 14

Lomotil is for diarrhea

Question 15

Function of the tongue

Answer 15

Muscle moves good around as the teeth break the particles down for further digestion. It has the taste buds and moves the food toward the pharynx once the food is ready to be swallowed.

Question 16

Salivary glands

Answer 16

The three pairs in the mouth generate saliva to lubricate and digest carbohydrates

Question 17

Pharynx

Answer 17

Tube that enables passage of food and air further into the body, acts alongside the epiglottis.

Question 18

Epiglottis

Answer 18

Acts with the pharynx as food is transported from the mouth into the body. It performs this function by covering the opening of the larynx, a structure that carries air into the lungs.

Question 19

Esophagus

Answer 19

This muscular tube begins at the pharynx and carries food to the stomach. It is able to do this because the muscles in its wall push food down into the stomach

Question 20

Sphincters

Answer 20

Two muscular rings of the esophagus

Question 21

Cause of heartburn

Answer 21

Heartburn occurs when the bottom sphincter cannot completely close and thus the contents of the stomach enter the esophagus.

Question 22

What state (open/closed) are the sphincters of the esophagus when food is not passing through?

Answer 22

Closed

Question 23

Regions of the stomach

Answer 23

Cardia, body, fundus, and pylorus

Question 24

Cardia

Answer 24

Connects the stomach to the esophagus, transitioning from the muscular shape of the esophagus to the sac-like shape of the stomach.

Question 25

Body (stomach)

Answer 25

Largest part of the organ

Question 26

Pylorus

Answer 26

Guides partially digested food further into the GI tract by the pyloric sphincter

Question 27

Four layers of stomach tissue

Answer 27

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis layer, the serosa

Question 28

Mucosa

Answer 28

Innermost layer of the stomach containing a smooth muscle and the mucus membrane that secretes digestive enzymes and HCl. Cells that secrete these products are found within small pores, called gastric pits.

Question 29

Submucosa

Answer 29

Layer located around the mucosa that is composed of connective tissue and has nerves and blood vessels.

Question 30

Muscularis layer

Answer 30

Consists of three layers of smooth muscle that enables movement of the stomach.