Digestive System Flashcards
Polyethylene glycol
GoLYTELY is a laxative for use before a colonoscopy
Orlistat (Xenical)
Weight loss medication that blocks some ingested fat and sends it to the digestive tract.
Pancrelipase
Creon is known for improving digestion
Sucralfate
Carafate is used for ulcers
Misoprostol
Cytotec is for preventing stomach ulcers
Cimetidine, famotidine, nizatidine, ranitidine
Tagamet, Pepcid, Axid, and Zantac are histamine-2 blockers and are used as antacids. Also used for ulcers.
Esomeprazole, Pantoprazole, omeprazole, and lansomeprazole
Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix and Prilosec are all proton pump inhibitors
Ondansetron
Zofran is prescribed to prevent nausea and vomiting
Metoclopramide
Reglan is a gut stimulator used to prevent nausea.
Dicyclomine
Bentyl is an antispasmodic for irritable bowel syndrome
Hyoscyamine
Levsin is for gut muscle spasms
Prochlorperazine and trimethobenzamide
Compazine and Tigan are for nausea
Dimenhydrinate
Dramamine is for nausea and motion sickness
Diphenoxylate/atropine
Lomotil is for diarrhea
Function of the tongue
Muscle moves good around as the teeth break the particles down for further digestion. It has the taste buds and moves the food toward the pharynx once the food is ready to be swallowed.
Salivary glands
The three pairs in the mouth generate saliva to lubricate and digest carbohydrates
Pharynx
Tube that enables passage of food and air further into the body, acts alongside the epiglottis.
Epiglottis
Acts with the pharynx as food is transported from the mouth into the body. It performs this function by covering the opening of the larynx, a structure that carries air into the lungs.
Esophagus
This muscular tube begins at the pharynx and carries food to the stomach. It is able to do this because the muscles in its wall push food down into the stomach
Sphincters
Two muscular rings of the esophagus
Cause of heartburn
Heartburn occurs when the bottom sphincter cannot completely close and thus the contents of the stomach enter the esophagus.
What state (open/closed) are the sphincters of the esophagus when food is not passing through?
Closed
Regions of the stomach
Cardia, body, fundus, and pylorus
Cardia
Connects the stomach to the esophagus, transitioning from the muscular shape of the esophagus to the sac-like shape of the stomach.
Body (stomach)
Largest part of the organ
Pylorus
Guides partially digested food further into the GI tract by the pyloric sphincter
Four layers of stomach tissue
Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis layer, the serosa
Mucosa
Innermost layer of the stomach containing a smooth muscle and the mucus membrane that secretes digestive enzymes and HCl. Cells that secrete these products are found within small pores, called gastric pits.
Submucosa
Layer located around the mucosa that is composed of connective tissue and has nerves and blood vessels.
Muscularis layer
Consists of three layers of smooth muscle that enables movement of the stomach.
