Digestive System Flashcards
Two main groups of the digestive system
Alimentary canal (GI tract) and accessory digestive organs
Function of alimentary canal
Digest food and absorbs digested fragments
Organs of the alimentary canal
Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, large intestine, small intestines, stomach
Accessory digestive organs
Teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas
Steps of digestive process
- Ingestion
- Propulsion
- Mechanical breakdown
- Digestion
- Absorption
- Defecation
Layers of the alimentary canal
Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa
The mucosa’s function
Secrete mucus, digestive enzyme, and hormones
Absorb the end product of digestion into the blood
Protect against infectious disease
Functions of the Salivary glands
- Cleanes the mouth
- dissolves food chemicals so they can be tasted
- moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus
- contains enzymes that begin the chemical breakdown of starchy foods
Small intestines function
Digestion and almost all absorption
Function of liver
Produce bile to be transported to SI
Function of gallbladder
Storage organ for bile
Function of kidney
Maintain homeostasis
How does the kidney maintain homeostasis?
- Regulating total volume of water
- Regulating concentration of ions
- Long-term acid-base balance
- Excreting metabolic wastes and foreign substances like drugs or toxins
- regulate red blood cell production and BP
- making Vitamin D active
- glucogenesis
Urinary system includes:
Ureters- transport urine from kidney to
Urinary bladder- temporary storage for urine
Urethra
Function of nephrons
They are the structural and functional units of the kidneys
Carry out process that form urine
