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Chapter 25 Digestive System > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of digestion

A

Ingestion, Propulsion, Mechanical Digestion,Chemical Digestion, Absorption, Defecation

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2
Q

Ingestion

A

Selective intake of food

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3
Q

Propulsion

A

Swallowing and peristalsis

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4
Q

Mechanical Digestion

A

Physical Breakdown

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5
Q

Chemical Digestion

A

Hydrolysis reactions by enzymes

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6
Q

Absorption

A

Uptake of nutrient molecules in epithelial cell and into blood and lymph

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7
Q

Defecation

A

Elimination of feces

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8
Q

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion?

A

Mechanical-chewing, churning and segmentation(physical breakdown)
ex: Grinding teeth, churning action of stomach/small intestines

Chemical-enzymes breaks down complex food molecules to basic building blocks
ex :polysaccharides into mono, protein into amino acids, fats into monoglycerides and fatty acids, nucleic acids into nuclotides

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9
Q

What components of the body make up the digestive tract?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestines

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10
Q

What components make up the accessory organs?

A

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

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11
Q

Explain the reflexes involved with defecation?

A

Intrinsic Defecation Reflex-involuntary

  • Works entirely within the myenteric plexus
  • Stretch signals travel thru plexus to muscularis, causing it to contract and internal sphincter to relax

Parasympathetic Defecation Reflex-Involuntary

  • Strecthing of rectum sends sensory signal to spinal cord
  • Pelvic nerves return signal, intensifying peristalsis and relaxing internal and sphincter
  • Defecation occurs if external and sphincter is voluntarily relaxed
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12
Q

Describe the basic steps to carbohydrate

A
  • Salivary and pancreatic amylase digests polysacharides into disacharides
  • disaccharides brokendown into monosaccharides by maltase, sucrae or lactase
  • absorbed by blood capillaries
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13
Q

Basic steps to protein

A
  • Pepsin begins protein digestion
  • Trypsin and Chymotrypsin break protein an polypeptides into small peptides
  • Peptidase breaks small peptides into amino acids
  • Amino acids absorbed by blood capillaries
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14
Q

Basic steps to lipid

A

Emulsified-fat broken

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15
Q

The three segments of the small intestine, and describe what role they play in digestion

A

Duoenum-recieves pancreatic ducts
Jejunum-Digestion and absorption
Ileum-Lymphatic nodules

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16
Q

Describe the flow of blood

A

Hepatic portal vein-sinosoids-central vein-R&L hepatic vein-IVC

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17
Q

Describe the bile through the liver

A

Bile ductules-R&L hepatic ducts-common hepatic duct-cystic duct-Bile duct-duodenum

18
Q

How many teeth we have as children

A

20

19
Q

How many teeth we have as adults

A

32

20
Q

Dental formula for adults

A

21234

21
Q

Describe the stuctures of the mouth including the terms

A

Labia(cheecks/Lips)retains food and push it between teeth for chewing

Vestibule-space between cheeks or lips and teeth

Labial Frenulum-median fold that attaches each lip to gum between anterior incisors

Hard and soft palate-separates oral cavity. Hard anterior, Soft posterior

Uvula-closes off nasopharynx during swallowing

Tongue- manipulates food between teeth while avoid being bitten

Cheeks- retains food

22
Q

What is the different types of lingual papille on the tongue?What is the purpose

A

Sites of taste buds
Vallate
Fungiform
Filiform

23
Q

what purpose do incisors

A

cutting

24
Q

canine

A

shred

25
Q

Premolars

A

Crush and Grind

26
Q

What molars provide while chewing our food

A

Crush and Grind

27
Q

Gomphosis

A

Anchors tooth firmly in alveolus

28
Q

Periodontal Ligament

A

allow slight movement under chewing pressure

29
Q

Gingvia

A

Covers alveolar bone

30
Q

Crown

A

Portion above gum

31
Q

Root

A

Portion below gum, embedded in alveolar bone

32
Q

Neck

A

where crown, root and gum meet

33
Q

Dentin

A

Hard yellowish tissue

34
Q

Enamel

A

Covers crown and neck

35
Q

Cementum

A

Covers root,living tissue, and can regenerate

36
Q

Root Canal

A

In root leading to pulp cavity

37
Q

Pulp Cavity

A

In the crown

38
Q

Which structure above is a noncellular secretion that forms only during development?

A

Enamel

39
Q

What are the many functions of saliva?

A 
Moistens
Begins starch and food digestion
Cleans teeth
inhibit bacterial growth
dissolves molecules to stimulate taste buds
40
Q

What salivary glands are intrinsic

A

Scattered thru-out oral mucosa
Parotid
Submandibular

41
Q

What salivary glands are extrinsic

A

Connected by ducts

Sublingual

Chapter 25 Digestive System (1 decks)

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