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Biology Digestive Unit > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Folds in Stomach called?

A

Rugae

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2
Q

Slimy fluid stomach?

A

Chyme

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3
Q

Consolidation of the faeces before elmination

A

rectum

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4
Q

Main region for enzymatic digestion and nutrient absorption

A

small intestine

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5
Q

main function is water and mineral absorption

A

colon (large intestine)

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6
Q

secretes acid and pepsin stores and mixes food

A

stomach

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7
Q

a gland which produces an alkaline, enzyme rich fluid

A

pancreas

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8
Q

produces bile and has many homeostatic functions

A

liver

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9
Q

produces saliva which contains the enzyme amylase

A

salivary glands

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10
Q

Mastication

A

large particles are mixed with saliva and broken into smaller particles

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11
Q

Digestion

A

Occurs after chewing, actions of enzymes acting on the food

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12
Q

Absorption

A

absorbed across the gut lining. Lower in the gut valuable water and salts are reabsorbed

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13
Q

Egestion

A

undigested material and waste products of digestion are formed into faeces and eliminated by defaecation

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14
Q

Peristalsis

A

moving through the gut by way of muscular contractions
two layers of muscles which work in opposite ways: circular muscles contract behind the bolus which squeeze the tube to a narrower diameter and the longitudinal which contract ahead of the food causing the tube to shorten and widen to receive the bolus

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15
Q

Brunners Gland

A

produces mucus which empties into the crypt of Lieberkuhn

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16
Q

Crypt of Lieberkuhn

A

tubular exocrine gland that secretes alkaline fluid

17
Q

Receives food and starts digestion of starch

A

mouth

18
Q

What are the two main functions of Bile in digestion?

A

Bile is used in the Small Intestine to emulsify
fatty molecules and the high pH of Bile neutralizes the acid entering the Small Intestine from the
stomach

19
Q

What are the two primary functions of the Liver in relation to the processing of digestion products
arriving from the gut?

A

Makes chemicals required for the body to function from the raw materials
absorbed by the intestine, and Bile secreted from the Liver aids in digesting fat

20
Q

What is the role of the Gall Bladder in digestion?

A

Holds Bile produced in the Liver until it is needed

for digesting fatty foods in the Duodenum area of the Small Intestine

21
Q

How is Bile is an excretory product and a digestive secretion?

A

Some of the Bile Salts leave the body

with the other Bile components in the feces, and it goes into the digestive tract too

22
Q

What is an advantage of having a gut where food moves in one direction only?

A

It makes digestion

more efficient and prevents/limits the amount of food coming back up (i.e. puking)

23
Q

Where is it created,Where is the pancreatic juice activated and what are the enzymes

A 
Pancreas
Duodenum
Pancreatic amylase
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Pancreatic lipase
24
Q

where created, Gastric juice activated and enzymes

A

Stomach
Stomach
Pepsin

25
Q

Where created Intestinal juices and enzymes

A

Small intestine
Small intestine
maltase
peptidases

26
Q

Where is the pyloric sphincter?

A

between the stomach and duodenum

27
Q

Where is the cardiac sphincter?

A

Between the esophagus and stomach

28
Q

Where is the anal spincter

A

Anus

29
Q

Where is the ileocecal sphincter?

A

small intestine and large intestine

30
Q

Where is protein digested?

A

Stomach

31
Q

Where are complex proteins digested? name 1

A

starch

32
Q

What is gastric juice made up of and whats the ph?

A

It is a mixture of hydrochloric acid, water, mucus, salts and enzymes
PH of 2

33
Q

What enzyme is found in the stomach? what does it it break down?

A

pepsin breaks down proteins to form peptide chains

34
Q

What type of cells secretes hydrochloric acid?

A

parietal cells

35
Q

What type of cells secretes the inactive enzyme, pepsinogen?

A

chief cells

36
Q

What does pancreatic juice break down?

A

This juice contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, nucleic acids, polypeptides and fats

Biology Digestive Unit (1 decks)

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