Digestive System Flashcards by sarah romaniuk

Another term for the mouth

Oral cavity

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What is on the roof of the mouth?

Hard and soft palette

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What accessory glands are there in the mouth?

3 pairs of salivary glands
(Submaxillary, submandibular, and sublingual glands)
Parotids

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What are the 3 salivary glands and where are they located?

Submaxillary & submandibular -
Located between the angle of the upper and lower jaw

Sublingual - located below tongue

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How many pairs of Exocrine Glands are there in the mouth?

3 pairs

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What are the three functions of the tongue?

Organ of taste
Moves food around in mouth to align with appropriate teeth
Forms food into Abolus and moves it to the back of the mouth

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Teeth increase what in order for enzymes to break down easier?

Increase surface area

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What does the pharynx connect?

Connects the mouth to nasal cavity, esophagus and trachea

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What 3 parts is the pharynx divided into?

A) nasalpharynx
B) Oropharynx
C) Laryngopharynx

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Where are the 3 parts of the pharynx located?

Nasalpharynx - upper part above soft palette
Oropharynx - “Throat” - visible when looking in someone’s mouth
Laryngopharynx - Opens into the Trachea and Esophagus

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What is another term for swallowing?

Deglutition

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Where does swallowing occur?

In the Pharynx

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What is the process of the food reaching the pharynx? What does the pharynx do to the food?

Tongue moves up and pushes food “Bulus” towards throat
Soft palette moves up, closing opening to Nasal Cavity, larynx moves upward
Circular muscles of pharynx squeeze food downward to esophagus. Epiglottis prevents food from entering trachea

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What is the process called of the esophagus moving food to the stomach?

Peristalsis

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What is the Esophagus?

A 25 cm collapsible tube leading from mouth to stomach

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What is the term for the rapid movement of food past the heart & lungs?

Thoracic Cavity

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Does digestion take place in the Esophagus?

No it does not

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What does the Esophagus secrete? Why?

Secretes mucus to aid in movement

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Another term for stomach?

GAST

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What shape is the stomach?

J - shaped

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What is the final product of the stomach?

Chyme

What 3 parts is the stomach divided into?

Fundus, body, pyloric region

What are the folds in an empty stomach called?

Rugae

What are the functions of the stomach?

Stores food
Mixes food with digestive enzymes in the Gastric juice
Contains 3 muscle layers
Secretes Gastric Juices

What are the cells that make up the lumen?

Mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells

What does the stomach move into the small intestine?

Partially digested semi liquid food (Chyme)

Where are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum

Which organ is the site for the greatest digestion and absorption?

Small intestine

What organs are considered 'Accessory Organs?'

Liver, pancreas, and Gall Bladder

What are Villi?

Finger like projections which increase the surface area for the absorption of food

Where are the villi found?

In the small intestine

How many microvilli are in 1 villi?

600 microvilli

What are the functions of the small intestine?

1. Completes digestion started in stomach 2. Absorbs selectively 3. Mixes food & enzymes w/ churning action 4. Moves food along tube

Another term for the Large Intestine?

Colon

How long is the large Intestine?

1.5 m long

Where are the regions of the large intestine? (7)

1. Cecum 2. Ascending 3. Transverse 4. Descending 5. Sigmoid 6. Rectum 7. Anus

What are the functions of the Large Intestine?

- Lubricates pathway - Absorbs water - 'Flora' native bacteria - acts on feces - Stores feces - Absorbs a small amount of nutrients

What is the largest gland in the body?

Liver

What are the two major blood vessels supplying the liver with blood?

a) hepatic portal vein | b) hepatic artery

What are the main functions of the liver? (8)

1. Only digestive function is it produces bile that emulsifies fat 2. Storage of iron & some vitamins 3. Nutrient regulator of blood 4. Phagocytic cells trap and catch any bacteria 5. Produce plasma proteins 6. Detoxify drugs & poisons 7. Makes several blood clotting factors 8. Breakdown old Red Blood Cells

Main function of the Gall Bladder?

Collects Bile from Liver and stores it

What ducts make up the Gall Bladder?

Hepatic Duct, Common Bile Duct, Cystic Duct

What two glands make up the Pancreas?

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

What does the Endocrine gland consist of?

Glucagon and Insuline

What does the Exocrine Gland consist of?

Digestive Enzymes

What does the Pancreatic Duct join?

Common Bile Duct at Duddenum

What is bile responsible for?

Breakdown of fats

What is the function of the rectum?

Holds solid waste and controls it's release from the body

What are the 2 kinds of sphincters in the stomach?

1. Cardiac Sphincter | 2. Pyloric Sphincter

Define a sphincter

Opens and closes to allow material to pass through the system

What does the Ileocecal sphincter do?

Joins the small and large intestine

What is the last part of the digestive tract? Where is it located?

The rectum in the small intestine