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Biology 20 - Digestive System > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

Another term for the mouth

A

Oral cavity

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2
Q

What is on the roof of the mouth?

A

Hard and soft palette

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3
Q

What accessory glands are there in the mouth?

A
  1. 3 pairs of salivary glands
    (Submaxillary, submandibular, and sublingual glands)
  2. Parotids
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4
Q

What are the 3 salivary glands and where are they located?

A

Submaxillary & submandibular -
Located between the angle of the upper and lower jaw

Sublingual - located below tongue

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5
Q

How many pairs of Exocrine Glands are there in the mouth?

A

3 pairs

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6
Q

What are the three functions of the tongue?

A
  1. Organ of taste
  2. Moves food around in mouth to align with appropriate teeth
  3. Forms food into Abolus and moves it to the back of the mouth
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7
Q

Teeth increase what in order for enzymes to break down easier?

A

Increase surface area

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8
Q

What does the pharynx connect?

A

Connects the mouth to nasal cavity, esophagus and trachea

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9
Q

What 3 parts is the pharynx divided into?

A

A) nasalpharynx
B) Oropharynx
C) Laryngopharynx

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10
Q

Where are the 3 parts of the pharynx located?

A

Nasalpharynx - upper part above soft palette
Oropharynx - “Throat” - visible when looking in someone’s mouth
Laryngopharynx - Opens into the Trachea and Esophagus

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11
Q

What is another term for swallowing?

A

Deglutition

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12
Q

Where does swallowing occur?

A

In the Pharynx

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13
Q

What is the process of the food reaching the pharynx? What does the pharynx do to the food?

A
  1. Tongue moves up and pushes food “Bulus” towards throat
  2. Soft palette moves up, closing opening to Nasal Cavity, larynx moves upward
  3. Circular muscles of pharynx squeeze food downward to esophagus. Epiglottis prevents food from entering trachea
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14
Q

What is the process called of the esophagus moving food to the stomach?

A

Peristalsis

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15
Q

What is the Esophagus?

A

A 25 cm collapsible tube leading from mouth to stomach

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16
Q

What is the term for the rapid movement of food past the heart & lungs?

A

Thoracic Cavity

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17
Q

Does digestion take place in the Esophagus?

A

No it does not

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18
Q

What does the Esophagus secrete? Why?

A

Secretes mucus to aid in movement

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19
Q

Another term for stomach?

A

GAST

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20
Q

What shape is the stomach?

A

J - shaped

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21
Q

What is the final product of the stomach?

A

Chyme

22
Q

What 3 parts is the stomach divided into?

A

Fundus, body, pyloric region

23
Q

What are the folds in an empty stomach called?

A

Rugae

24
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A
  1. Stores food
  2. Mixes food with digestive enzymes in the Gastric juice
  3. Contains 3 muscle layers
  4. Secretes Gastric Juices
25
Q

What are the cells that make up the lumen?

A

Mucous cells, parietal cells, chief cells

26
Q

What does the stomach move into the small intestine?

A

Partially digested semi liquid food (Chyme)

27
Q

Where are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, jejunum, Ileum

28
Q

Which organ is the site for the greatest digestion and absorption?

A

Small intestine

29
Q

What organs are considered ‘Accessory Organs?’

A

Liver, pancreas, and Gall Bladder

30
Q

What are Villi?

A

Finger like projections which increase the surface area for the absorption of food

31
Q

Where are the villi found?

A

In the small intestine

32
Q

How many microvilli are in 1 villi?

A

600 microvilli

33
Q

What are the functions of the small intestine?

A
  1. Completes digestion started in stomach
  2. Absorbs selectively
  3. Mixes food & enzymes w/ churning action
  4. Moves food along tube
34
Q

Another term for the Large Intestine?

A

Colon

35
Q

How long is the large Intestine?

A

1.5 m long

36
Q

Where are the regions of the large intestine? (7)

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Ascending
  3. Transverse
  4. Descending
  5. Sigmoid
  6. Rectum
  7. Anus
37
Q

What are the functions of the Large Intestine?

A
  • Lubricates pathway
  • Absorbs water
  • ‘Flora’ native bacteria - acts on feces
  • Stores feces
  • Absorbs a small amount of nutrients
38
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

39
Q

What are the two major blood vessels supplying the liver with blood?

A

a) hepatic portal vein

b) hepatic artery

40
Q

What are the main functions of the liver? (8)

A
  1. Only digestive function is it produces bile that emulsifies fat
  2. Storage of iron & some vitamins
  3. Nutrient regulator of blood
  4. Phagocytic cells trap and catch any bacteria
  5. Produce plasma proteins
  6. Detoxify drugs & poisons
  7. Makes several blood clotting factors
  8. Breakdown old Red Blood Cells
41
Q

Main function of the Gall Bladder?

A

Collects Bile from Liver and stores it

42
Q

What ducts make up the Gall Bladder?

A

Hepatic Duct, Common Bile Duct, Cystic Duct

43
Q

What two glands make up the Pancreas?

A

Endocrine and Exocrine Glands

44
Q

What does the Endocrine gland consist of?

A

Glucagon and Insuline

45
Q

What does the Exocrine Gland consist of?

A

Digestive Enzymes

46
Q

What does the Pancreatic Duct join?

A

Common Bile Duct at Duddenum

47
Q

What is bile responsible for?

A

Breakdown of fats

48
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

Holds solid waste and controls it’s release from the body

49
Q

What are the 2 kinds of sphincters in the stomach?

A
  1. Cardiac Sphincter

2. Pyloric Sphincter

50
Q

Define a sphincter

A

Opens and closes to allow material to pass through the system

51
Q

What does the Ileocecal sphincter do?

A

Joins the small and large intestine

52
Q

What is the last part of the digestive tract? Where is it located?

A

The rectum in the small intestine

Biology 20 - Digestive System (1 decks)

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