Digestive System Flashcards
What are the functions of the digestive system?
Ingestion, mastication Secretion, absorption Elimination of Wastes Motility, hormone release Chemical digestion
The oral cavity includes what?
Tongue, teeth, major and minor salivary glands, tonsils, and lips.
The oral cavity is lined with what?
Oral mucosa
What are the 3 types of oral mucosa?
masticatory mucosa
lining mucosa
Specialized mucosa
The masticatory mucosa is found where?
On gingival and hard palate
Masticatory mucosa has what type of surface epithelium?
keratinized or parakeratinized stratified squamous
What is the difference between parakeratinized and keratinized surface epithelium?
The superficial cells of parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium keep their nuclei.
What are the two parts of the masticatory mucosa’s lamina propria?
Papillary layer and
reticular layer
The papillary layer of the masticatory mucosa’s lamina propria is made up of what kind of connective tissue?
Thick loose ct
Which of the two layers of the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa has blood vessels, nerves, sensory receptors and some Meissner’s corpuscles?
Papillary layer
What type of ct is in the reticular layer of the lamina propria for the masticatory mucosa?
More dense ct
Where is the lining mucosa found?
Soft palate, underside of tongue, floor of mouth, cheeks, and lips.
What is found in the papillary layer of the lamina propria of the masticatory mucosa?
Blood vessels
Nerves
Sensory receptors
Some Meissner’s Corpuscles
What is generally the surface epithelium of the lining mucosa?
Stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized)
What is occasionally the surface epithelium for lining mucosa?
Parakeratinized epithelium
What is the surface epithelium for the lips, vermillion border?
Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Which is a thicker layer of epithelium (lining mucosa)? non-keratinized or keratinized epithelium?
non-keratinized
Describe the lamina propria of the lining mucosa?
Loose ct with blood vessels and nerves
What gives the vermillion border it’s reddish look?
Blood vessels
Does the lining mucosa have a submucosa?
yes
Where is the submucosa of the lining mucosa found?
Found in most places
What can the submucosa contain?
Minor salivary glands
Sebaceous glands (mouth corners)
Larger blood vessels
nerves
Where is the specialized mucosa found?
On the dorsal surface of the tongue
What is the surface epithelium of the specialized mucosa (2)?
keratinized stratified squamous
Stratified squamous
What kind of surface epithelium is found o filiform papillae?
Keratinized stratified squamous
What kind of surface epithelium is found on all other papillae other than filiform?
Stratified squamous
What are the general functions of the specialized mucosa?
Move food
taste
What is the pattern of the mucosa of the tongue?
Thicker dorsally, thinner and smoother posteriorly
Small salivary (von Ebner) glands are associated with what type of papillae?
Vallate
What is the function of the von Ebner - small salivary - glands?
produce serious fluid to cleanse the Tate buds on vallate papillae
Taste buds are located on all papillae except which ones?
filiform papillae
The surface area of the tongue includes what types of papillae?
Filiform, cuneiform, foliage, vallate
What is the lamina propria of the tongue contains?
Loose ct
adipose possible
Is a submucosa usually considered present of the tongue?
yes
What else can be a part of the submucosa? At what time?
Adipose possible
As we age
What does the submucosa of the tongue contain?
Lingual salivary glands
What do the lingual salivary glands produce?
Same products as the major salivary glands
Do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue have external attachment?
NO
What is the arrangement of the 4 intrinsic tongue muscles?
4 alternating muscles arranged from dorsal to posterior within the tongue
What 4 intrinsic muscles are in the tongue?
Superior longitudinal muscle
Vertical muscles alternating with transverse muscles
Inferior longitudinal muscles
Which muscle is on the undersurface of the tongue?
Inferior longitudinal
What is the function of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
change the tongue shape
List the layers from outside to inside of a developing tooth before eruption through the gingiva.
ameloblasts Enamel dentin predentin odontoblast Dental papilla
What type of cells are ameloblasts?
Polarized columnar cells
What happens to the ameloblasts after the tooth erupts?
Lose - they die when hit the air
What is the function of ameloblasts?
produce enamel
What is the hardest substance in the body?
enamel
How thick is enamel?
About 2mm thick
Can you make more enamel after the tooth has erupted?
no
The enamel is made of what?
Interlinked enamel rods
Dentin is harder than what?
bone
Can you repair dentin?
yes
Dentin contains what?
thin dentinal tumbles containing nerves and cell processes of odontoblasts
Denting is produced by what?
odontoblasts
What is produced by odontoblasts?
dentin
What is predentin?
A precursor to dentin before mineralization?
What is a precursor to dentin before mineralization?
predentin
What type of cell is an odontoblast?
Columnar cell
Where do you find odontoblasts?
Lining pulp cavity
What is the function of odontoblasts?
repair, produce, and maintain dentin
What is the ct with many blood vessels and nerves of the dental papilla called?
Dental pulp
What is a potential problem with the dental papilla?
Extensive inflammation
