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A&P 500 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

Peritoneum: layers

A 
Parietal peritoneum: lines wall of abdominopelvic cavity
Visceral peritoneum (serosa): covers some organs
Space between: peritoneal cavity- contains serous fluid
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2
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

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3
Q

Peritoneum: what is it, what’s it made of

A

Largest serous membrane in body

Made of a layer of simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium) and underlying layer of areolar connective tissue

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4
Q

Retroperitoneal organ

A

When peritoneum only covers anterior surface.

Kidneys, L intestines, duodenum, pancreas

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5
Q

Peritoneal folds

A 
Greater omentum 
Lesser omentum
Falciform lig
Mesentery
Mesocolon
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6
Q

Greater omentum

A

Largest peritoneal fold
2 sheets, folds on itself
Covers transverse colon and small intestine
Responsible for beer belly

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7
Q

Falciform ligament

A

Attaches liver to ant abdominal wall and diaphragm

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8
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Suspends stomach and duodenum from liver

Pathway for BV entering liver

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9
Q

Mesentery

A

Fans out from post abdominal wall, wraps around S intestine and returns
Double layered. BVs and LVs and nodes in between

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10
Q

Mesocolon

A

2 sep folds
Bind transverse colon and sigmoid colon to post abdominal wall
Carries BVs and LVs to post abdominal wall

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11
Q

What activates then inactivates salivary amylase?

A

Chloride ions activate it, stomach acids inactivate it

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12
Q

Salivary amylase

A

Digestive enzyme
Initiates breakdown of starch into smaller molecules
Works for about an hour
Stomach acids will inactivate it.

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13
Q

Lingual lipase

A

Digestive enzyme
Becomes activated by stomach acid
Breaks down triglycerides into diglycerides and fatty acids

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14
Q

Movement of food from mouth into stomach by swallowing

A

Deglutition

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15
Q

Deglutition stages

A

Voluntary
Pharyngeal
Esophageal

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16
Q

Deglutition voluntary stage

A

Bolus into oropharynx via tongue

17
Q

Deglutition pharyngeal stage

A

Involuntary
Bolus moves through pharynx to esophagus
Deglutition centre in medulla cause uvula and soft palate to block nasopharynx, epiglottis to block larynx

18
Q

Esophageal stage of Deglutition

A

Involuntary passage of bolus
From esophagus to stomach
Peristalsis
Mucous secretion from esophageal glands

19
Q

Layers of GI tract

A

Mucousa
Submucousa
Muscularis
Serosa

20
Q

Mucosa layers

A

1) Epithelium
- some exocrine cells among them: secrete mucous and fluid
2) Lamina propria
- has BVs&LVs: distribute nutrients from GI to other parts
- has most of MALT cells (immune cells)
3) Muscularis mucosae
- has folds in stomach and S intestine for more surface area

21
Q

GI tract mucosa: Epithelium of mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anal canal

A

Non-keratinized stratified squamous.

Protective function

22
Q

GI tract mucosa: epithelium of stomach and intestines

A

Simple columnar.

Secretes, absorbs

23
Q

MALT of GI tract

A 
Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue:
In Lamina propria 
Lymphatic tissue containing immune cells 
Along entire tract, esp:
Tonsils
Appendix
S intestine
L intestine
24
Q

GI tract layer: submucosa

A

Binds mucosa layer to muscularis
Has BVs and LVs
Submucosa Plexus

25
Q

Muscularis layer of GI tract

A
  • mid esophagus upward: AIDS in voluntary swallowing
  • external anal sphincter: aids in voluntary control of defacation
  • in between: 2 sheets of smooth mm. Inner circular, outer longitudinal.
  • myenteric plexus between the 2 layers of muscularis
26
Q

The most superficial layer of esophagus tissue

A

Adventitia. Instead of serosa.

27
Q

Regions of the stomach

A 
Cardia 
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum, canal, sphincter 
Greater, lesser curvature
28
Q

Layers of stomach wall

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

29
Q

Where does 3 layers of smooth mm make up the muscularis

A

Body of the stomach
Outer- longitudinal
Middle- circular
Inner- oblique

30
Q

3 types of Exocrine gland cells of stomach mucosa.

What do they form all together?

A

Mucous neck cells- secrete mucous
Parietal cells- produce intrinsic factor and Hydrochloric acid
Chief cells- secrete pepsin and gastric lipase
All together they form gastric juice and G cells

31
Q

Regions of the stomach

A 
Cardia 
Fundus
Body
Pyloric antrum, canal, sphincter 
Greater, lesser curvature
32
Q

Layers of stomach wall

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis
Serosa

33
Q

Where does 3 layers of smooth mm make up the muscularis

A

Body of the stomach
Outer- longitudinal
Middle- circular
Inner- oblique

34
Q

3 types of Exocrine gland cells of stomach mucosa.

What do they form all together?

A

Mucous neck cells- secrete mucous
Parietal cells- produce intrinsic factor and Hydrochloric acid
Chief cells- secrete pepsin and gastric lipase
All together they form gastric juice and G cells

A&P 500 (1 decks)

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