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Anatomy Digestive System > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the salivary glands secrete?

A

Saliva

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2
Q

What is the function of the salivary glands?

A

Moisten and bind food particles, begins carbo digestion, & acts as a solvent to dissolve food chemicals (necessary to taste), & clean mouth and teeth

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3
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in salivary glands?

A

Mucous and serous

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4
Q

Which cell type secretes amylase?

A

Serous

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5
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Digestive enzyme that splits starch and glycogen into disaccharides

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6
Q

Which cell type secretes mucus?

A

Mucous

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7
Q

What does mucus do?

A

Thick, stringy liquid that binds food and acts as lubricant during swallowing

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8
Q

What are the 3 major glands in salivary glands?

A

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual glands

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9
Q

Which major gland is also known as submaxilary?

A

Submandibular

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10
Q

Which major gland is the smallest and found on floor of mouth under tongue and secretes a

thick & stringy fluid?

A

Sublingual glands

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11
Q

Which major gland is the largest and found in front of and below ear and secretes watery fluid

containing amylase?

A

Parotid

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12
Q

Which major gland is located on inside surface of jaw in floor of mouth and secretes a more

viscous fluid than the parotid glands?

A

Submandibular (submaxilary)

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13
Q

The pharynx connects what 2 cavities with what 2 things?

A

Connects nasal and oral cavity with larynx and esophagus

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14
Q

What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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15
Q

Which part of the pharynx is located behind the nasal cavity?

A

Nasopharynx

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16
Q

Which part of the pharynx is located in the larynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

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17
Q

Which part of the pharynx is located in the oral cavity?

A

Oropharynx

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18
Q

How long is the esophagus?

A

25 cm

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19
Q

What is scattered throughout the esophagus to keep inner lining moist?

A

 Mucous glands

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20
Q

What type of fibers are located in the esophagus?

A

Circular muscle

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21
Q

Where are these fibers found?

A

 Within walls and thicken above esophagus/stomach juncture

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22
Q

Why do they contract?

A

To prevent regurgitation

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23
Q

When to they relax and why?

A

When peristaltic waves reach stomach to allow food to enter

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24
Q

What is the stomach shaped as?

A

 J

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25
Q

What is the capacity of the stomach?

A

1 liter

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26
Q

The stomach is lined with thick folds called what?

A

Rugae

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27
Q

What is the function of the stomach?

A

Receive food, mix it with gastric juice, initiate digestion of proteins, absorb some

nutrients, and move food into small intestine

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28
Q

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

A

Cardiac, fundic, body, pyloric

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29
Q

Which is a small area of the stomach near esophageal opening?

A

Cardiac

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30
Q

Which is the main part of the stomach?

A

Body

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31
Q
  1. Which are balloons above cardiac region and is temporary storage area of the stomach?
A

Fundic

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32
Q

Which part of the stomach narrows and becomes pyloric canal?

A

Pyloric

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33
Q

What is the thickening of muscular wall at end of canal?

A

Pyloric sphincter

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34
Q

What does the pyloric sphincter prevent?

A

Regurgitation from small intestine

35
Q

What are the 3 gastric secretions and what do they secrete?

A

 Mucous-mucus; chief-pepsinogen (inactive); parietal-HCl and intrinsic factor

36
Q

What changes pepsinogen into pepsin?

A

HCl

37
Q

What helps absorb vitamin B-12 from small intestine?

A

Intrinsic factor

38
Q

What is viscous and alkaline to coat and protect inner stomach wall from pepsin digesting the

proteins of its wall?

A

Mucus

39
Q

What is a protein-splitting enzyme?

A

Pepsin

40
Q

What are 5 things the stomach can absorb?

A

Water, glucose, certain salts, alcohol, various lipid-soluble drugs

41
Q

What is a semi-fluid paste of food and gastric juices and is pushed towards pyloric region?

A

Chyme

42
Q

What rate depends on at which food empties to small intestine?

A

Fluidity of chyme and type of food

43
Q

What is the order of substances that the stomach digests?

A

Carbos, proteins, fats

44
Q

How long does it take to digest?

A

3-6 hrs

45
Q

The pancreas serves as what 2 glands?

A

Endocrine and exocrine

46
Q

Which gland releases hormones?

A

Endocrine

47
Q
  1. Which gland secretes digestive juice?
A

Exocrine

48
Q

The pancreas is an elongated, flattened organ that is posterior to what?

A

Stomach

49
Q

What is the pancreas attached to and by what?

A

Duodenum of small intestine by a duct

50
Q

What type of cells are in the pancreas?

A

Acinar

51
Q

What do the acinar cells produce?

A

Pancreatic juice

52
Q

What is the pancreatic juice capable of digesting?

A

Carbos, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids

53
Q

What splits starch and glycogen into disaccharides?

A

Pancreatic amylase

54
Q

What breaks triglycerides into 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol?

A

Pancreatic lipase

55
Q

What splits bonds of amino acids into proteins?

A

Proteinases

56
Q

What are 3 kinds of proteinases?

A

 Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase

57
Q

The Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase are all secreted in their inactive form until they reach small intestine where other

enzymes do what?

A

Activate them

58
Q

What breaks nucleic acid molecules into nucleotides?

A

Nucleases

59
Q

What are two types of the nucleases?

A

 DNA & RNA

60
Q

Pancreatic secretions are regulated by what?

A

Parasympathetic nerve impulses and the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin

61
Q

Parasympathetic nerve impulses and the hormones secretin and cholecystokinin

A

 Parasympathetic nerve impulses and the hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin

62
Q

Salivary secretions are regulated by what?

A

Parasympathetic nerve impulses

63
Q

What is a mass of chewed food mixed with saliva rolled into a ball?

A

Bolus

64
Q

What color is the liver and why?

A

Reddish/brown because well supplied with blood vessels

65
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

Liver

66
Q

What are the 5 functions of the liver?

A

Metabolizes carbos, lipids, and proteins

 Stores glycogen, vitamins A, D, & B12, and iron

 Filters damaged RBCs and foreign substances from blood

 Detoxificator – alters composition of toxic substances

 Secretes bile

67
Q

What color is the bile?

A

Yellowish green liquid

68
Q

What is bile composed of?

A

Water, bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, and electroclytes

69
Q

The liver is composed of how many lobes?

A

2

70
Q

Which liver lobe is larger?

A

right

71
Q

Each liver lobe is divided into what?

A

Tiny hepatic lobules

72
Q

What does the tiny hepatic lobules contain?

A

Hepatic cells

73
Q

What shape is the gallbladder?

A

Pear

74
Q

How is it attached to surface of liver?

A

Cystic duct

75
Q

What are the functions of the gall bladder?

A

Stores bile between meals

 Concentrates bile

 Releases bile into small intestine

76
Q

How is the common bile duct formed?

A

By union of hepatic and cystic ducts

77
Q

What does the hepatic and cystic ducts lead to?

A

Duodenum

78
Q

What is the duodenum guarded by?

A

Sphincter muscle (sphincter of Oddi)

79
Q

Presence of fat in small intestine triggers release of hormone cholecystokinin which stimulates

what?

A

Contraction of gall bladder

80
Q

Bile salts are not a digestive enzyme, but aids in what?

A

The action of digestive enzymes

81
Q

What is it when fat globules break into smaller droplets to mix with water, allowing lipases to

digest fat molecule better?

A

Emulsify

82
Q

What do bile salts enhance absorption of?

A

Fatty acids, certain fat-soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K), and cholesterol

83
Q

Lack of bile salts can cause what?

A

Vitamin deficiencies and lipids to be absorb poorly

Anatomy Digestive System (1 decks)

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