Digestive System Flashcards
Cleft lip is also known as _________
Chelio-schisis
Cleft palate is also known as ________
Palato-schisis
Caries means ______ of teeth in which enamel is _______
decay
decalcified
among domestic animals Caries is common in which species?
DOG
deficiency of which 2 minerals caused Caries
- Calcium
2. Phosphorous
Caries is frequently seen in _____ poisoning
FLUORINE
name the organic acid which is responsible for Caries
LACTIC acid
what are ENAMEL FLECKS
yellow stained spots on the enamel
enamel flecks are seen in _____ stage of Caries
early
STOMATITIS is linked to
mucus membrane of mouth
GINGIVITIS is linked to
gums
GLOSSITIS is linked to
tongue
LAMPAS is linked to
palate
CHEILITIS is linked to
lips
PHARYNGITIS is linked to
pharynx
TONSILLITIS is linked to
tonsils
deficiency of which 2 vitamins cause Stomatitis
- Vit. A
- Vit. B3(niacin)
Vit. A deficiency especially causes Stomatitis in ______(species)
fowl
Niacin(Vit. B3) causes ________ in dogs
black tongue disease
MIC of “Aphthous stomatitis”
small, whitish raised spots
define “Aphthous stomatitis”
- inflammation of the mouth and pharynx
- reddening and swelling of the mucosa
- covered by small, whitish raised spots
“Stomatitis may occur SECONDARY to other diseases “
NAME ANY DISEASE
gastritis
name 4 types of STOMATITIS
- Vesicular
- Fibrinous & Necrotic
- Diphtheritic
- Gangrenous
“Vesicular stomatitis” is seen in _________ disease
foot & mouth disease
“Fibrinous and necrotic stomatitis” is seen in infection by ___________
Fusobacterium nerophorum
“Diphtheritic stomatitis” is found in _________ disease
fowl pox
________ membrane is seen in “Diphtheritic stomatitis” caused by fowl pox
grayish
“Thrush” is found in _______(species)
fowl
MIC of “Thrush”
GREY or YELLOWISH thick tenacious material gets attached to the mucous membranes
Most common neoplasms in the dog and calves are the __________, occurring as clusters on the lips and gums.
infectious papillomas
infectious papillomas are caused by _________
papilloma virus
what is “Epulis”
- a fibroblastic tumour
- occur in gums
in “Epulis” along with epithelium & dense fibrous tissue ______ cells are found
GIANT CELLS
Foreign bodies are occasionally found in the ducts especially of the _______ & _______ salivary glands
parotid sub maxillary(sub mandibular)
define “Ranula”
When the dilatation of the salivary duct and gland occurs as cyst on the floor of the mouth
define “Sialolith”
a calculus occurring in salivary gland
Sialoliths are common in _______(species)
horses
“inflammation of salivary glands” is called _________
Siala-den-titis
NOTE: not Siala-titis
Siala-den-titis is associated with
- _____ in horses
- _____ in cattle
- _____ in dogs
- Strangles
- Mastitis
- Distemper
define “Choke”
obstruction of the oesophagus
Choke is common in Horse or Cattle?
Horse
enlargement of which lymph nodes can cause Choke?
- mediastinal
- cervical
enlargement of which endocrine gland can cause Choke?
Thyroid gland
neoplasm of _______ can cause choke
Thymus (Thymoma)
In the horses Choke occurs in _______ area while in cattle and dogs the _______ is obstructed
- thoracic
- pharynx
name the two types of Choke?
- Complete
2. Partial
in “Complete Choke” infection may spread to the surrounding tissues causing _________ or __________
- cellulitis (to subcutaneous connective tissue)
- gangrenous pneumonia (to lungs)
esophageal diverticulum is formed in Complete or Partial Choke?
Partial Choke
define “Ectasia”
Dilation or distention of a tubular structure
dilation of oesophagus is of two types i.e.
- fusiform
2. cylindrical
which dilation of oesophagus is more common?
fusiform
inflammation of oesophagus is known as __________
“Oesophagitis”
Vitamin ____ deficiency can cause “Oesophagitis”
A
in fowl, ________ poisoning can cause “Oesophagitis”
thallium sulphate
name the parasite in
1. Horse
2. Cattle
which causes”Oesophagitis”
- Gastrophilus larvae(Horse bot fly larvae)
2. Hypoderma larvae
ulcerative variety of “Oesophagitis” in met in cattle suffering from ________(disease)
Viral Enteritis
“in dog, a nematode causes neoplasm in oesophagus”
- name the nematode
- name the type of neoplasm(hint: there are 2)
- name the portion of oesophagus effected
- Spirocerca lupi
- Fibrosarcoma and Osteogenic Sarcoma
- Thoracic portion
The osteogenic sarcoma is _________ of the fibrosarcoma
metaplastic manifestation
Inflammation of Crop is called ________
ingluvitis
name 2 types of ingluvitis
- Acute catarrhal
2. Diptheritic
“Diphtheritic ingluvitis” is found in ________(disease)
fowl pox
name 2 parasites responsible for “Acute catarrhal ingluvitis”
- Acuaria sp.
2. Capillaria sp.
small,whitish raised spots are MIC of ______ stomatitis
Aphthous
inflammation of MOUTH
STOMATITIS
inflammation of GUMS
GINGIVITIS
inflammation of TONGUE
GLOSSITIS
inflammation of PALATE
LAMPAS
inflammation of LIPS
CHEILITIS
inflammation of TONSILS
TONSILLITIS
Normally animals get rid of gases produced in the rumen by _________
ERUCTATION
_______ in saliva prevents formation of froth
MUCIN
Based on course, bloat may be _____ or _____
acute
chronic
Based on nature of gas, bloat may be _____ or _____
dry
frothy
“foamy mass” is formed in dry bloat or frothy bloat
FROTHY BLOAT
_______ found in plants can cause frothy bloat
SAPONIN
froth is produced when
viscosity-_________
surface tension-________
increases
decreases
fatty acids increase or decrease the surface tension of ruminal contents
INCREASES
hence prevents bloat
name 2 substances present in legumes that cause BLOAT
HCN
phosphatase
Some legumes contain ____, which is toxic, causing paralysis of the ruminal or reticular musculature and so inhibits eructation
HCN
Some legumes contain ________ which with _______ accelerates fermentation producing a large quantity of _____
phosphatase
arsenates
CO2
____ , ____ & ______ produced in large quantities causes paralysis of ruminal muscles.
H2S
CO2
CO
___________ produced by capsulated ruminal bacteria may be another etiological factor in bloat.
Polysaccharides
The receptors for this reflex are in the ________ and the afferent and efficient nerve fibres are in the______ nerve
reticulum
vagus
if an animal dies of BLOAT , it is seen that its blood is ________ & resembles that of _______ infection
tarry
anthrax
death caused by bloat is usually due to _______
asphyxia
3 characteristics of IMPACTION of RUMEN & RETICULUM
- rumen stops functioning
- musculature does not contract
- food ingested stagnates
IMPACTION can occur if the diet is high in _____________
carbohydrates
animals that die of acute atony, the contents of the rumen and reticulum are thin, _______-like and bulky.
porridge
in IMPACTION, if an animal survive for ____ days and more, demyelination of the nervous system may occur
3
in severe cases of IMPACTION , ______ causes death
TOXEMIA
ulcers of fore-stomach usually occur due to ___________(micro-organism)
Fusobacterium necrophorum
Ulcers of stomach are seen in _____________(disease)
bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)
what happens in ‘‘Diaphragmatic hernia of stomach’’
The diaphragm is ruptured and the stomach enters the thoracic cavity
The ___-sided displacement of abomasum is more common in which it lies between the ______ and _______
left
rumen
left abdominal wall
in abomasum displacement , the animal has a ___________
Tucked-up-appearance
Frequent abnormal _______ abomasal sounds may be heard at the level of __________ in abomasal displacement
tinkling
paralumbar fossa
abomasal displacement is diagnosed by _________
Laparotomy
in TORSION OF STOMACH, ________ acts as the pivot & stomach rotates ________
oesophagus
clockwise
TORSION is defined as
twisting of the stomach around the oesophagus
define “gastritis”
Inflammation of the stomach
In stress, _________ is produced in large quantities which is responsible for increased gastric secretion and gastritis
adrenaline
GASTRITIS may be ______ or _______
acute
chronic
By far the most common ACUTE GASTRITIS is the _______ and to a lesser extent, the ________
catarrhal
hemorrhagic
“polypoid gastritis”
The mucosa may be thrown into polypoid folds
