Digestive System Flashcards
1
Q
Cleft lip is also known as _________
A
Chelio-schisis
2
Q
Cleft palate is also known as ________
A
Palato-schisis
3
Q
Caries means ______ of teeth in which enamel is _______
A
decay
decalcified
4
Q
among domestic animals Caries is common in which species?
A
DOG
5
Q
deficiency of which 2 minerals caused Caries
A
- Calcium
2. Phosphorous
6
Q
Caries is frequently seen in _____ poisoning
A
FLUORINE
7
Q
name the organic acid which is responsible for Caries
A
LACTIC acid
8
Q
what are ENAMEL FLECKS
A
yellow stained spots on the enamel
9
Q
enamel flecks are seen in _____ stage of Caries
A
early
10
Q
STOMATITIS is linked to
A
mucus membrane of mouth
11
Q
GINGIVITIS is linked to
A
gums
12
Q
GLOSSITIS is linked to
A
tongue
13
Q
LAMPAS is linked to
A
palate
14
Q
CHEILITIS is linked to
A
lips
15
Q
PHARYNGITIS is linked to
A
pharynx
16
Q
TONSILLITIS is linked to
A
tonsils
17
Q
deficiency of which 2 vitamins cause Stomatitis
A
- Vit. A
- Vit. B3(niacin)
18
Q
Vit. A deficiency especially causes Stomatitis in ______(species)
A
fowl
19
Q
Niacin(Vit. B3) causes ________ in dogs
A
black tongue disease
20
Q
MIC of “Aphthous stomatitis”
A
small, whitish raised spots
21
Q
define “Aphthous stomatitis”
A
- inflammation of the mouth and pharynx
- reddening and swelling of the mucosa
- covered by small, whitish raised spots
22
Q
“Stomatitis may occur SECONDARY to other diseases “
NAME ANY DISEASE
A
gastritis
23
Q
name 4 types of STOMATITIS
A
- Vesicular
- Fibrinous & Necrotic
- Diphtheritic
- Gangrenous
24
Q
“Vesicular stomatitis” is seen in _________ disease
A
foot & mouth disease
25
"Fibrinous and necrotic stomatitis" is seen in infection by ___________
Fusobacterium nerophorum
26
"Diphtheritic stomatitis" is found in _________ disease
fowl pox
27
________ membrane is seen in "Diphtheritic stomatitis" caused by fowl pox
grayish
28
"Thrush" is found in _______(species)
fowl
29
MIC of "Thrush"
GREY or YELLOWISH thick tenacious material gets attached to the mucous membranes
30
Most common neoplasms in the dog and calves are the __________, occurring as clusters on the lips and gums.
infectious papillomas
31
infectious papillomas are caused by _________
papilloma virus
32
what is "Epulis"
- a fibroblastic tumour
| - occur in gums
33
in "Epulis" along with epithelium & dense fibrous tissue ______ cells are found
GIANT CELLS
34
Foreign bodies are occasionally found in the ducts especially of the _______ & _______ salivary glands
```
parotid
sub maxillary(sub mandibular)
```
35
define "Ranula"
When the dilatation of the salivary duct and gland occurs as cyst on the floor of the mouth
36
define "Sialolith"
a calculus occurring in salivary gland
37
Sialoliths are common in _______(species)
horses
38
"inflammation of salivary glands" is called _________
Siala-den-titis
| NOTE: not Siala-titis
39
Siala-den-titis is associated with
1. _____ in horses
2. _____ in cattle
3. _____ in dogs
1. Strangles
2. Mastitis
3. Distemper
40
define "Choke"
obstruction of the oesophagus
41
Choke is common in Horse or Cattle?
Horse
42
enlargement of which lymph nodes can cause Choke?
- mediastinal
| - cervical
43
enlargement of which endocrine gland can cause Choke?
Thyroid gland
44
neoplasm of _______ can cause choke
Thymus (Thymoma)
45
In the horses Choke occurs in _______ area while in cattle and dogs the _______ is obstructed
- thoracic
| - pharynx
46
name the two types of Choke?
1. Complete
| 2. Partial
47
in "Complete Choke" infection may spread to the surrounding tissues causing _________ or __________
- cellulitis (to subcutaneous connective tissue)
| - gangrenous pneumonia (to lungs)
48
esophageal diverticulum is formed in Complete or Partial Choke?
Partial Choke
49
define "Ectasia"
Dilation or distention of a tubular structure
50
dilation of oesophagus is of two types i.e.
1. fusiform
| 2. cylindrical
51
which dilation of oesophagus is more common?
fusiform
52
inflammation of oesophagus is known as __________
"Oesophagitis"
53
Vitamin ____ deficiency can cause "Oesophagitis"
A
54
in fowl, ________ poisoning can cause "Oesophagitis"
thallium sulphate
55
name the parasite in
1. Horse
2. Cattle
which causes"Oesophagitis"
1. Gastrophilus larvae(Horse bot fly larvae)
| 2. Hypoderma larvae
56
ulcerative variety of "Oesophagitis" in met in cattle suffering from ________(disease)
Viral Enteritis
57
"in dog, a nematode causes neoplasm in oesophagus"
1. name the nematode
2. name the type of neoplasm(hint: there are 2)
3. name the portion of oesophagus effected
1. Spirocerca lupi
2. Fibrosarcoma and Osteogenic Sarcoma
3. Thoracic portion
58
The osteogenic sarcoma is _________ of the fibrosarcoma
metaplastic manifestation
59
Inflammation of Crop is called ________
ingluvitis
60
name 2 types of ingluvitis
1. Acute catarrhal
| 2. Diptheritic
61
"Diphtheritic ingluvitis" is found in ________(disease)
fowl pox
62
name 2 parasites responsible for "Acute catarrhal ingluvitis"
1. Acuaria sp.
| 2. Capillaria sp.
63
small,whitish raised spots are MIC of ______ stomatitis
Aphthous
64
inflammation of MOUTH
STOMATITIS
65
inflammation of GUMS
GINGIVITIS
66
inflammation of TONGUE
GLOSSITIS
67
inflammation of PALATE
LAMPAS
68
inflammation of LIPS
CHEILITIS
69
inflammation of TONSILS
TONSILLITIS
70
Normally animals get rid of gases produced in the rumen by _________
ERUCTATION
71
_______ in saliva prevents formation of froth
MUCIN
72
Based on course, bloat may be _____ or _____
acute
| chronic
73
Based on nature of gas, bloat may be _____ or _____
dry
| frothy
74
"foamy mass" is formed in dry bloat or frothy bloat
FROTHY BLOAT
75
_______ found in plants can cause frothy bloat
SAPONIN
76
froth is produced when
viscosity-_________
surface tension-________
increases
| decreases
77
fatty acids increase or decrease the surface tension of ruminal contents
INCREASES
| hence prevents bloat
78
name 2 substances present in legumes that cause BLOAT
HCN
| phosphatase
79
Some legumes contain ____, which is toxic, causing paralysis of the ruminal or reticular musculature and so inhibits eructation
HCN
80
Some legumes contain ________ which with _______ accelerates fermentation producing a large quantity of _____
phosphatase
arsenates
CO2
81
____ , ____ & ______ produced in large quantities causes paralysis of ruminal muscles.
H2S
CO2
CO
82
___________ produced by capsulated ruminal bacteria may be another etiological factor in bloat.
Polysaccharides
83
The receptors for this reflex are in the ________ and the afferent and efficient nerve fibres are in the______ nerve
reticulum
| vagus
84
if an animal dies of BLOAT , it is seen that its blood is ________ & resembles that of _______ infection
tarry
| anthrax
85
death caused by bloat is usually due to _______
asphyxia
86
3 characteristics of IMPACTION of RUMEN & RETICULUM
- rumen stops functioning
- musculature does not contract
- food ingested stagnates
87
IMPACTION can occur if the diet is high in _____________
carbohydrates
88
animals that die of acute atony, the contents of the rumen and reticulum are thin, _______-like and bulky.
porridge
89
in IMPACTION, if an animal survive for ____ days and more, demyelination of the nervous system may occur
3
90
in severe cases of IMPACTION , ______ causes death
TOXEMIA
91
ulcers of fore-stomach usually occur due to ___________(micro-organism)
Fusobacterium necrophorum
92
Ulcers of stomach are seen in _____________(disease)
bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD)
93
what happens in ''Diaphragmatic hernia of stomach''
The diaphragm is ruptured and the stomach enters the thoracic cavity
94
The ___-sided displacement of abomasum is more common in which it lies between the ______ and _______
left
rumen
left abdominal wall
95
in abomasum displacement , the animal has a ___________
Tucked-up-appearance
96
Frequent abnormal _______ abomasal sounds may be heard at the level of __________ in abomasal displacement
tinkling
| paralumbar fossa
97
abomasal displacement is diagnosed by _________
Laparotomy
98
in TORSION OF STOMACH, ________ acts as the pivot & stomach rotates ________
oesophagus
| clockwise
99
TORSION is defined as
twisting of the stomach around the oesophagus
100
define "gastritis"
Inflammation of the stomach
101
In stress, _________ is produced in large quantities which is responsible for increased gastric secretion and gastritis
adrenaline
102
GASTRITIS may be ______ or _______
acute
| chronic
103
By far the most common ACUTE GASTRITIS is the _______ and to a lesser extent, the ________
catarrhal
| hemorrhagic
104
"polypoid gastritis"
The mucosa may be thrown into polypoid folds
