Digestive System

Question 1

gastrointestinal tract

Answer 1

a long, hollow tube that extends from the mouth to the anus, responsible for the digestion and absorption of food, and the elimination of waste.

Question 2

oral cavity

Answer 2

a complex structure that plays crucial roles in digestion, speech, and overall health.

Question 3

hard palate

Answer 3

the bony roof of the mouth, forming the anterior portion of the palate.

Question 4

soft palate

Answer 4

the soft tissue constituting the back of the roof of the mouth

Question 5

uvula

Answer 5

plays a role in swallowing, speech, and potentially the gag reflex, helping to prevent food and liquids from entering the nasal cavity and triggering a gag reflex when needed.

Question 6

lingual frenulum

Answer 6

a thin membrane that connects the underside of the tongue to the floor of the mouth.

Question 7

pharynx

Answer 7

a muscular tube in the middle of your neck.

Question 8

esophagus

Answer 8

the part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach

Question 9

mucosa

Answer 9

the soft tissue that lines the body’s canals and organs in the digestive, respiratory and reproductive systems

Question 10

submucosa

Answer 10

a thin layer of tissue in various organs of the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and genitourinary tracts.

Question 11

muscularis externa

Answer 11

a smooth muscle layer in the walls of many organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, responsible for peristalsis and other movements, typically consisting of an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer.

Question 12

serosa

Answer 12

The outer lining of organs and body cavities of the abdomen and chest, including the stomach.

Question 13

visceral peritoneum

Answer 13

the inner layer of the peritoneum, a serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the abdominal organs, acting as a protective and lubricating layer

Question 14

parietal peritoneum

Answer 14

the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the internal walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities, forming a closed sac, the peritoneal cavity, and is continuous with the visceral peritoneum which covers the organs.

Question 15

mesentery

Answer 15

a fold of membrane that attaches the intestine to the wall around the stomach area and holds it in place.

Question 16

stomach

Answer 16

a J-shaped, muscular organ in the upper abdomen that is part of the digestive system, responsible for breaking down food and storing it temporarily.

Question 17

cardioesophagel sphincter

Answer 17

a ring of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus that prevents stomach contents from flowing back up into the esophagus

Question 18

phloric sphincter

Answer 18

a ring of smooth muscle located at the junction of the stomach and the duodenum, regulating the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the small intestine.

Question 19

rugae

Answer 19

an anatomical fold or wrinkle (as of the gastric mucous membranes)

Question 20

greater curvature

Answer 20

the longer, convex (outward-curving) border on the left side, starting from the cardiac notch and extending to the pylorus

Question 21

lesser curvature

Answer 21

the shorter, concave, medial border of the stomach, forming the right margin, and is the attachment site for the hepatogastric ligament.

Question 22

greater omentum

Answer 22

a large, apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach, covering the small intestines and attaching to the transverse colon, playing a role in immune response and containing inflammation.

Question 23

chyme

Answer 23

the pulpy acidic fluid which passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food.

Question 24

small intestine

Answer 24

a long, coiled tube where most nutrient absorption takes place, extending from the stomach to the large intestine and divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

Question 25

ileocecal valve

Answer 25

a sphincter muscle that controls the flow of food from the small intestine to the large intestine.

Question 26

duodenum

Answer 26

the first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach, leading to the jejunum.

Question 27

jejunum

Answer 27

the middle section of the small intestine, located between the duodenum and the ileum, and is primarily responsible for absorbing nutrients like carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids.

Question 28

ileum

Answer 28

absorbs nutrients, especially vitamin B12 and bile salts, and facilitates the passage of undigested material to the large intestine.

Question 29

pancreatic ducts

Answer 29

a network of tubes within the pancreas that transport pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes, to the duodenum for digestion.

Question 30

bile duct

Answer 30

Bile ducts are tiny canals that connect some of the organs in your digestive system. Their purpose is to carry bile between these organs.

Question 31

large intestine

Answer 31

a tube-shaped organ that absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food.

Question 32

cecum

Answer 32

a pouch-like structure, the beginning of the large intestine, that receives partially digested food from the small intestine (ileum) and connects to the ascending colon.

Question 33

appendix

Answer 33

a small, finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine, located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen

Question 34

colon

Answer 34

the longest part of the large intestine. It receives almost completely digested food from the cecum, absorbs water and nutrients, and passes waste (stool or feces) to the rectum.

Question 35

rectum

Answer 35

the final straight part of the large intestine, connecting the colon to the anus and serving as a temporary storage area for feces before defecation.

Question 36

anal canal

Answer 36

the terminal part of the gastrointestinal tract, a tube approximately 2.5 to 4 cm long, located between the rectum and the anus, responsible for transporting waste from the rectum to the exterior during defecation.

Question 37

ascending colon

Answer 37

the first part of the large intestine, located on the right side of the abdomen, extending from the cecum upwards and then turning towards the transverse colon.

Question 38

transverse colon

Answer 38

the longest and most movable part of the colon.

Question 39

descending colon

Answer 39

to store the remains of digested food that will be emptied into the rectum.

Question 40

sigmond colon

Answer 40

the part of the large intestine that is closest to the rectum and anus.

Question 41

liver

Answer 41

the largest internal organ in the body

Question 42

gall bladder

Answer 42

a small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine.