Digestive System

Question 1

maneuvers food for mastication, shapes food into a bolus, maneuvers food for deglutition, detects sensations for taste, and initiates digestion of triglycerides.

Answer 1

Tongue

Question 2

saliva produced by these glands softens, moistens, and dissolves foods; cleanses mouth and teeth; initiates the digestion of starch.

Answer 2

Salivary Glands

Question 3

cut, tear, and pulverize food to reduce solids to smaller particles for swallowing.

Answer 3

Teeth

Question 4

pancreatic juice buffers acidic gastric juice in chyme, stops the action of pepsin from the stomach, creates the proper pH for digestion in the small intestine, and participates in the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, triglycerides, and nucleic acids.

Answer 4

Pancreas

Question 5

produces bile, which is required for the emulsification and absorption of lipids in the small intestine.

Answer 5

Liver

Question 6

stores and concentrates bile and releases it into the small intestine.

Answer 6

Gallbladder

Question 7

see the functions of the tongue, salivary glands, and teeth, all of which are in the mouth. Additionally, the lips and cheeks keep food between the teeth during mastication, and buccal glands lining the mouth produce saliva.

Answer 7

Mouth

Question 8

receives a bolus from the oral cavity and passes it into the esophagus.

Answer 8

Pharynx

Question 9

receives a bolus from the pharynx and moves it into the stomach; this requires relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter and secretion of mucus.

Answer 9

Esophagus

Question 10

mixing waves combine saliva, food, and gastric juice, which activates pepsin, initiates protein digestion, kills microbes in food, helps absorb vitamin B12, contracts the lower esophageal sphincter, increases stomach motility, relaxes the pyloric sphincter, and moves chyme into the small intestine.

Answer 10

Stomach

Question 11

segmentation mixes chyme with digestive juices; peristalsis propels chyme toward the ileocecal sphincter; digestive secretions from the small intestine, pancreas, and liver complete the digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids; circular folds, villi, and microvilli help absorb about 90 percent of digested nutrients.

Answer 11

Small Intestine

Question 12

haustral churning, peristalsis, and mass peristalsis drive the colonic contents into the rectum; bacteria produce some B vitamins and vitamin K; absorption of some water, ions, and vitamins occurs; defecation.

Answer 12

Large Intestine