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Kin 268 > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is motility

A

Capability of the GI tract to mix and move material along its length

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2
Q

(Mechanical/Chemical) digestion is the cutting and grinding of food before being swallowed, and then the churning of the food by stomach and intestines

A

Mechanical Digestion

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3
Q

(Mechanical/Chemical) digestion is when the main nutrient are being split into smaller molecules by process of hydrolysis with digestive enzymes for the purpose of absorption

A

Chemical Digestion

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4
Q

Where do absorbed substances from the lumen of the GI tract pass into and circulate to cells throughout the body?

A

blood or lymph

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5
Q

Undigested substances, wastes and bacteria are some products that leave the body thorugh the process of?

A

Defecation

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6
Q

Where does the digestion of carbohydrates begin in?

A

Mouth

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7
Q

Where does the digestion of proteins and fats begin in?

A

Stomach

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8
Q

The completion of Chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats occur where

A

Small intestine - due to the combined actions of pancreatic juice, bile, and intestinal juice

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9
Q

What is present on the plasma membrane of microvilli to help with digestion and absorption?

A

Brush-Border enzyme

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10
Q

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleotides are the nutrients digested where?

A

Intestine

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11
Q

A strong, peristaltic wave which begins at the middle of the transverse colon and quickly drives the contents of the colon into the rectum is called?

A

Mass Peristalsis

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12
Q

What assists with further digestion of chime entering the large intestine?

A

Bacterial Activity

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13
Q

Which vitamins are absorbed in the colon?

A

Vitamin B, Vitamin K

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14
Q

What are absorbed from the large intestines?

A

Ions

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15
Q

Chime that has had most of the water absorbed becomes?

A

Feces

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16
Q

In response to distention of the rectal wall, receptors send sensory nerve impulses to?

A

Sacral Spinal Cord

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17
Q

Motor responses are through the sympathetic/parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

A

parasympathetic

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18
Q

What is Defecation?

A

The act of fecal matter expulsion; also known as having a bowel movement

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19
Q

Products of protein digestion, such as ammonia; medication such as sulfa drugs or penicillin; and steroid hormones are all chemicals that are detoxified by?

A

Liver

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20
Q

The liver can convert excess glucose to?

A

Glycogen and Fats

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21
Q

Bile secreted from the liver is composed largely of the pigment named – which is a breakdown product of – cells. Excessive amounts of this pigment give a skin yellowish colour, a condition known as –.

A

Bilirubin, red blood, Jaundice

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22
Q

2 functions of bile are – of fats and – of fats. One of the breakdown products of bilirubin, namely – gives feces the normal brown colour.

A

Emulsification, absorption, stercobilin

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23
Q

What stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver until it is needed in the small intestine

A

Gallbladder

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24
Q

The gallbladder releases the bile into the duodenum through the?

A

Cystic duct

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25
Q

The 2 hormones which cause release of bile into the duodenum are?

A

Cholecystokinin and Secretin

26
Q

Where is gastrin secreted?

A

Stomach

27
Q

The pancreas lies – to the stomach
- posterior, anterior, medial, superior

A

Posterior

28
Q

The pancreas is shaped like a fish, with its head in the curve of the – and its tail nudging up next to the –

A

Duodenum, spleen

29
Q

The pancreas contains 2 kinds of glands. 99% of its cells produce – secretion. One type of these secretions is – fluid to neutralize the chyme entering the small intestine from the stomach

A

Exocrine, Alkaline

30
Q

One enzyme in the pancreatic secretions is TRYPSIN; it digests –. Trypsin is formed initially in the inactive form (trypsinogen) and is activated by –?

A

proteins, enterokinase

31
Q

Amylase digests – including starch

A

Carbohydrates

32
Q

Lipase digests –

A

Lipids

33
Q

All exocrine secretions of the pancreas empty into the accessory pancreatic duct and pancreatic duct. These empty into?

A

Duodenum

34
Q

This portion of the peritoneum is largely responsible for carrying blood and lymph vessels to the intestines

A

Greater omentum

35
Q

Why do emotions such as anger or fear slow digestion?

A

They stimulate the sympathetic nerves that supply the GI tract

36
Q

How long can food stay in the fundus before being mixed with gastric juices?

A

30 minutes

37
Q

Which of the following pancreatic enzymes acts to produce smaller peptides from proteins?
- chymotrypsin, amylase, pepsin, phosphatase, nucleosidase

A

Chymotrypsin

38
Q

Which cells secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase?

A

Chief cells

39
Q

Which cell secretes mucus?

A

Surface mucous cell, Mucous neck cell

40
Q

Which cell secretes hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor

A

Parietal cell

41
Q

Which cell secretes the hormone gastrin?

A

G cell

42
Q

Which accessory organs produce a fluid to soften food?

A

Salivary glands

43
Q

This digestive aid, produced by the stomach, begins digestion by denaturing proteins

A

Hydrochloric acid

44
Q

What is the heaviest gland of the body?

A

Liver

45
Q

Which of the following contains skeletal muscle?
- UES, LES, Serosa, Submucosa, Periodontal ligament

A

UES

46
Q

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue that binds the mucosa to the muscularis

A

Submucosa

47
Q

This plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers of the muscularis

A

Myenteric Plexus

48
Q

What is the primary function of the mouth?
- ingestion, secretion, mixing and propulsion, absorption

A

Ingestion

49
Q

What pancreatic enzyme acts to produce monosaccharides?

A

Amylase

50
Q

This structure of the stomach allows greater distension for food storage
- cardia, fundus, pylorus, rugae, sphincter

A

Rugae

51
Q

This layer of the GI tract is composed of areolar connective tissue containing blood and lymph vessels

A

Lamina propria

52
Q

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
- conversion of carbohydrates, protein metabolism, storage of bilirubin, phagocytosis, storage of vitamins

A

Storage of bilirubin - instead it processes bilirubin

53
Q

What processes is the function of the smooth muscle layer of the digestive system?

A

Mixing and propulsion

54
Q

Which small intestine cells secrete lysosome

A

Paneth cells

55
Q

This hormone is stimulated by a high levels of dietary fat in the small intestine

A

Cholecystokinin

56
Q

This hormone functions to counteract the effect of gastric acid in the small intestine

A

Secretin

57
Q

How many stages of deglutition are there? What are they?

A

3 - oral stage, pharyngeal stage, esophageal stage

58
Q

This is found on the liver and is a remnant of the umbilical cord in a fetus

A

Round ligament

59
Q

This major duct carries a fluid rich in bicarbonate ions

A

Pancreatic duct

60
Q

These are composed of prominent lymphatic nodules that function in the immune response

A

MALT

61
Q

Which of the following enzymes acts to produce monoglycerides as products?
- lipase, amylase, trypsin, phosphatase, ligase

A

Lipase

Kin 268 (3 decks)

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