digestive system

Question 1

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Allows the intake and processing of food to be turned into energy

Question 2

What are the four types of feeders?

Answer 2

• Suspension feeders
• Substrate feeders
• Fluid feeders
• Bulk feeders

Question 3

Give an example of a suspension feeder.

Answer 3

Whale shark

Question 4

Give an example of a substrate feeder.

Answer 4

Caterpillar

Question 5

Give an example of a fluid feeder.

Answer 5

Hummingbird

Question 6

Give an example of a bulk feeder.

Answer 6

Lions

Question 7

What are the three main dietary categories of animals?

Answer 7

• Herbivores
• Carnivores
• Omnivores

Question 8

What is glucose homeostasis?

Answer 8

State of equilibrium of glucose levels in body

Question 9

What is the major fuel for cellular respiration?

Answer 9

Glucose

Question 10

What hormones regulate glucose levels in the body?

Answer 10

• Insulin
• Glucagon

Question 11

What is the function of glucagon?

Answer 11

Increases blood sugar level

Question 12

What is the function of insulin?

Answer 12

Decreases blood sugar level

Question 13

Where is glucose homeostasis primarily regulated?

Answer 13

Liver

Question 14

What are the four classes of essential nutrients?

Answer 14

• Essential amino acids
• Essential fatty acids
• Vitamins
• Minerals

Question 15

What are essential amino acids?

Answer 15

Amino acids that must be obtained from preassembled food

Question 16

What are the two categories of vitamins?

Answer 16

• Water soluble
• Fat soluble

Question 17

How many essential vitamins are required for humans?

Answer 17

13

Question 18

What are minerals?

Answer 18

Simple inorganic nutrients required in small amounts

Question 19

What are the stages of food processing?

Answer 19

• Ingestion
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Elimination

Question 20

What is intracellular digestion?

Answer 20

Digestion that occurs within cells, such as phagocytosis

Question 21

What is extracellular digestion?

Answer 21

Breakdown of food particles outside cells

Question 22

What is the alimentary canal?

Answer 22

Digestive tube with two openings (mouth and anus)

Question 23

What are the components of the mammalian digestive system?

Answer 23

• Alimentary canal
• Accessory glands

Question 24

What is the role of sphincters in the digestive system?

Answer 24

Regulate movement of material between compartments

Question 25

What is the function of salivary glands?

Answer 25

Delivers saliva to lubricate and swallow food

Question 26

What is chyme?

Answer 26

The mixture of gastric juices and food in the stomach

Question 27

What is the pH level of gastric juice?

Answer 27

2

Question 28

What enzyme is responsible for dividing proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach?

Answer 28

Pepsin

Question 29

What is the first portion of the small intestine called?

Answer 29

Duodenum

Question 30

What is the main function of the jejunum?

Answer 30

Absorbs sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids

Question 31

What increases the surface area of the small intestine for absorption?

Answer 31

Villi and microvilli

Question 32

What is the role of the cecum in digestion?

Answer 32

Aids in fermentation of plant material

Question 33

What is the primary function of the colon?

Answer 33

Completes reabsorption of water

Question 34

What is dentition?

Answer 34

Assortment of teeth for animals

Question 35

How do carnivores’ stomachs differ from those of herbivores?

Answer 35

Carnivores have large and expandable stomachs

Question 36

What is mutualistic symbiosis?

Answer 36

Coexistence of humans and bacteria

Question 37

What is the role of the enteric division in digestion?

Answer 37

Helps regulate the digestive process