Digestive System

Question 1

what is the name of the stacked hepatocytes in the liver?

Answer 1

six-sided liver lobules

Question 2

gallbladder function

Answer 2

stores bile from when the hematopancreatic valve is closed

Question 3

large intestine main functions

Answer 3

absorb water, eliminate semi-solids

Question 4

large intestine movement sequence

Answer 4

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum

Question 5

acinar cells location and function

Answer 5

pancreas, produces many digestive enzymes

Question 6

duct cells location and function

Answer 6

pancreas, produces dilute bicarbonate solution

Question 7

4 liver functions

Answer 7

form bile for fat absorption, detoxifies, processes nutrients, stores fat-soluble vitamins

Question 8

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 8

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 9

location and function of lacteal

Answer 9

within small intestine villi, absorbs triglycerides

Question 10

circular folds function and location

Answer 10

small intestine; lines the lumen, creates a ton of surface area

Question 11

function of ileum

Answer 11

holds the hepatopancreatic ampulla (where pancreatic and common bile ducts meet at the ileum)

Question 12

functions of jejunum

Answer 12

chemical digestion, nutrient absorption

Question 13

what is an intestinal crypt

Answer 13

juts into the mucosa of the small intestine lining, “cells and juices”

Question 14

paneth cells location and function

Answer 14

intestinal crypts, releases antibacterial agents to regulate bacterial growth

Question 15

intestinal crypt enterocytes release what?

Answer 15

intestinal juices

Question 16

where can u find stem cells in the small intestine?

Answer 16

intestinal crypts

Question 17

peyer’s patches location and function

Answer 17

intestinal crypt, keeps bacteria within the tube of the intestine

Question 18

what is a portal triad?

Answer 18

found at corners of liver lobules. portal arteriole, portal venule, bile duct

Question 19

mesentery

Answer 19

double folded membrane, supports organs. Contains lymph and blood vessels

Question 20

what is the hepatic portal vein

Answer 20

all digestive blood goes through this process before proper venous return.

Question 21

gross order of blood circulation thru digestive tract

Answer 21

arteries, digestive system, hepatic portal vein, liver, hepatic vein, inferior vena cava

Question 22

where are gastric glands found?

Answer 22

within the gastric pits lining the stomach

Question 23

function and location of parietal cells

Answer 23

• make HCl (main component of stomach acid)
• make intrinsic factor
• inside walls of gastric pits

Question 24

chief cells function and locations

Answer 24

• makes pepsinogen and lipases
• found in walls of gastric pits

Question 25

how does pepsinogen found in chief cells function?

Answer 25

pepsinogen becomes the enzyme pepsin when it comes into contact with the HCl found in the stomach. pepsin neutralizes proteins

Question 26

enteroendocrine cell function and location

Answer 26

• produces gastrin, paracrines, and other hormones
• found in walls of gastric pits

Question 27

3 characteristics of the stomach’s mucosal barrier

Answer 27

• stomach is coated with bicarbonate to combat the HCl, keeping the tissue safe
• tight junctions b/w epithelial cells
• rapid turnover of cells

Question 28

what is rugae?

Answer 28

folded up tissue that allows for expansion (think of a deflated vs inflated balloon)

Question 29

what are the 4 tunica of the digestive tract

Answer 29

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis externa
• serosa

Question 30

order of tunica from lumen to external

Answer 30

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa