Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

4 main components of digestive process

A

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Egestion

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2
Q

Ingestion

A

Taking in nutrients

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3
Q

Digestion

A

Breakdown of molecules into smaller components by enzymes

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4
Q

Absorption

A

Transport digested nutrients into body cells

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5
Q

Egestion

A

Removal of food waste from body

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6
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Cutting/tearing of food into smaller pieces

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7
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Breakdown of food using enzymes

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8
Q

Mouth

A

Mechanical + chemical digestion occurs
3 pairs of salivary glands

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9
Q

What is saliva made of

A

Water, mucus, salivary amylase

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10
Q

What is maltose made of

A

Starch + salivary amylase + water

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11
Q

Ovula

A

Uvula blocks nasal passage (so food doesn’t go up ur nose)
Epiglottis blocks larynx to prevent food from going in ur lungs

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12
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like contractions of muscles that move food along the gastrointestinal tracts towards stomach

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13
Q

Stomach

A

Site of food storage and protein digestion, holds food while it mixes with acid and enzymes to breakdown
Physical and chemical digestion

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14
Q

Sphincters

A

Strong Circular muscles that move food from stomach

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15
Q

L.E.S

A

(Lower esophagus sphincter)
Closes opening to stomach, relaxation allows food to enter

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16
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Moves food and stomach acid to small intestine

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17
Q

Gastric glands

A

Produce gastric fluid

18
Q

What fluids do gastric glands produce

A

Water
Mucus
Pepsinogen (inactive enzyme)

19
Q

HCi

A

In stomach > gastric glands
PH 2-3
Kills bacteria

20
Q

Salivary amylase

A

In salivary glands
PH 6-7
Product is maltose

21
Q

Salivary amylases substrate

22
Q

Pancreatic amylase

A

In pancreas > duodenum
PH of 8
Product is maltose

23
Q

Pancreatic amylase substrate

24
Q

Maltase

A

In small intestine
PH 8
Produces glucose

25
Maltase substrate
Maltose
26
Lipase
In pancreas > duodenum PH 8 Product is fatty acid + glycerol
27
Lipase substrate
Lipid
28
Pepsin
I’m stomach > gastric glands PH 2-3 protein digestion
29
Large intestine
Chemical digestion is complete before food reaches it Largest part Absorbs water and electrolytes
30
Liver
Liver makes bile stored in gallbladder
31
Liver breaks down what
Hemoglobin
32
what valve allows chyme through+ prevents acid from entering esophagus
phyloric sphincter and lower esophagus sphincter
33
what increases surface area
physical digestion
34
role of bicarbonate ions
pH of homeostasis
35
Accessory organs that aid with digestion but don’t touch the food
Salivary glands Liver Gallbladder Pancreas
36
What change shape of catalyst
Active site + inhibitors
37
Salivary glands function
Make saliva, which has a enzyme called salivary analyze which helps stomach breakdown starches In food
38
Role of liver
To make and secrete bile to purify nutrients that come from small intestine
39
Pancreas
Makes pancreatic juices called enzymes Breaks down sugar fats and starches
40
Gallbladder
Stores bile from liver
41
What does large intestine form
Feces and pulls towards the rectum to get rid of