Digestive System Flashcards
4 main components of digestive process
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Egestion
Ingestion
Taking in nutrients
Digestion
Breakdown of molecules into smaller components by enzymes
Absorption
Transport digested nutrients into body cells
Egestion
Removal of food waste from body
Mechanical digestion
Cutting/tearing of food into smaller pieces
Chemical digestion
Breakdown of food using enzymes
Mouth
Mechanical + chemical digestion occurs
3 pairs of salivary glands
What is saliva made of
Water, mucus, salivary amylase
What is maltose made of
Starch + salivary amylase + water
Ovula
Uvula blocks nasal passage (so food doesn’t go up ur nose)
Epiglottis blocks larynx to prevent food from going in ur lungs
Peristalsis
Wave like contractions of muscles that move food along the gastrointestinal tracts towards stomach
Stomach
Site of food storage and protein digestion, holds food while it mixes with acid and enzymes to breakdown
Physical and chemical digestion
Sphincters
Strong Circular muscles that move food from stomach
L.E.S
(Lower esophagus sphincter)
Closes opening to stomach, relaxation allows food to enter
Pyloric sphincter
Moves food and stomach acid to small intestine
Gastric glands
Produce gastric fluid
What fluids do gastric glands produce
Water
Mucus
Pepsinogen (inactive enzyme)
HCi
In stomach > gastric glands
PH 2-3
Kills bacteria
Salivary amylase
In salivary glands
PH 6-7
Product is maltose
Salivary amylases substrate
Starch
Pancreatic amylase
In pancreas > duodenum
PH of 8
Product is maltose
Pancreatic amylase substrate
Starch
Maltase
In small intestine
PH 8
Produces glucose
Maltase substrate
Maltose
Lipase
In pancreas > duodenum
PH 8
Product is fatty acid + glycerol
Lipase substrate
Lipid
Pepsin
I’m stomach > gastric glands
PH 2-3
protein digestion
Large intestine
Chemical digestion is complete before food reaches it
Largest part
Absorbs water and electrolytes
Liver
Liver makes bile stored in gallbladder
Liver breaks down what
Hemoglobin
what valve allows chyme through+ prevents acid from entering esophagus
phyloric sphincter and lower esophagus sphincter
what increases surface area
physical digestion
role of bicarbonate ions
pH of homeostasis
Accessory organs that aid with digestion but don’t touch the food
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
What change shape of catalyst
Active site + inhibitors
Salivary glands function
Make saliva, which has a enzyme called salivary analyze which helps stomach breakdown starches In food
Role of liver
To make and secrete bile to purify nutrients that come from small intestine
Pancreas
Makes pancreatic juices called enzymes
Breaks down sugar fats and starches
Gallbladder
Stores bile from liver
What does large intestine form
Feces and pulls towards the rectum to get rid of
