Digestive system Flashcards
what is known as digestion?
the process in which complex organic compunds are converted into simple organic substances and absorbed into the body
the 3 stages of digestion
1) food digestion
2) Absorption of digested end products
3) Elimination of undigested products
Pathway of food digestion
mouth–>oesophagus–>stomach–>small intestine–>large intestine–> rectum–>anus
what does gastrice juices contian? what do they do?
HCl and pepsin enzyme. HCl activates the pepsin enzyme and starts protein digestion to produce polypeptides
what does chyme contain?
partially digested proteins, undigested and digested carbohydrates, undigested lipids, vitamins and minerals
how do we feel hunger?
when the stomach is empty, it contracts. When it is empty for a long period of time the rate of contraction is higher. Then it gives a pain and sense about hunger
what are the enzymes which involve in the digestion in the small intestine?
pancreatic and intestinal enzymes
what are the 3 main enzymes inside the pancreatic juice?
trypsin, lipase and amylase
what does bile contain?
bile pigments, bile salts, bicarbonate ions, water
explain emulsification
due to bile being mixed food, the lipids containing inside the food are broken down. This process is called emulsification. it creates a larger surface area to be act on the lipid food.
what does intestinal juice contain?
Maltase, Sucrase, Lactase and Pepsidase
what are the food, enzyme and end products in the pancreas?
Lipids—Lipase—fatty acids+glycerol
Proteins–trypsin–polypeptides
Starch–amylase–maltose
what are the food, enzyme and end products in the small intestine?
maltose—maltase—glucose
sucrose—sucrase—glucose+fructose
lactose—lactase—glucose+galactose
Polypeptides–peptidase—amino acids
what are the adaptations on the small intestine to absorb foods?
long tube
thing epitheleal lining on villi
having circular folds in the inner wall
presence of micro villi in the epitheleal cells in villi
what are the end products that are absorbed in the blood capillaries?
Mineral salts, amino acids, vitamins monosaccharides
