Digestive System

Question 1

Define nutrients

Answer 1

A substance found in food that’s used by the body to meet important needs.

Question 2

What are the 6 important nutrients?

Answer 2

-Proteins
-Carbohydrates
-Fats
-Water
-Vitamins
-Minerals

Question 3

Define carbohydrates

Answer 3

-Are made of a single sugar molecule or a chain of sugar molecules.
-Is the body’s main source of energy.
-Carbohydrates can be monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides.

Question 4

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 4

Are carbohydrates that are made of simple sugars (ex:glucose).

Question 5

What are disaccharides?

Answer 5

Are carbohydrates made of double sugars (ex:lactose)

Question 6

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 6

Are carbohydrates that are complex sugars (ex:starch)

Question 7

Define fats

Answer 7

-Are composed of fatty acids and a glycerol.
-They store and provide energy, however this energy is stored so it’s available over a longer period of time compared to carbohydrates.
-Are the building blocks of hormones and cell membranes.
-Protect organs and insulate the body from the cold.

Question 8

What are examples of fats?

Answer 8

dairy products (except skimmed), vegetable oils, butter, fatty meats and fish, eggs, nuts, croissants, french fries etc.

Question 9

Define saturated fats

Answer 9

-A straight fatty acid.
-Since its straight, it can pack itself onto another resulting in a solid fat at room temperature. (This is why a diet high in saturated fats can cause heart disease)

Question 10

What are examples of saturated fats?

Answer 10

butter, some oils, animal fat, chips, some baked goods, fast food etc.

Question 11

Define unsaturated fats

Answer 11

-A kinked fatty acid.
-It cannot pack itself onto another molecule resulting in it being liquid fat at room temperature.

Question 12

Define trans fats?

Answer 12

-Are made by adding hydrogen and a lot of pressure to vegetable oil to create a stiffer fat.
-Trans fats and saturated fats can clog arteries.

Question 13

Define proteins?

Answer 13

-Proteins are large molecules made of chains of amino acids.
-They build and repair cells and tissues and provide the body with energy only when carbohydrates and fats are severely restricted.

Question 14

What are examples of proteins?

Answer 14

Meat, fish, eggs, milk, cheese, legumes, tofu, nuts etc.

Question 15

Define water

Answer 15

-Water transports nutrients and waste products in the body.
-It helps regulate body temperature and is needed in numerous chemical reactions in the body.
-70% of the human body is made up of water. ( A person needs 2-3L of water a day)

Question 16

What are examples of foods that contain a lot of water?

Answer 16

Fruits, fruit juice, vegetables, vegetable juice, soups, milk etc.

Question 17

Define vitamins

Answer 17

-Are substances that the body needs in small amounts.
-Each type of vitamin has a different function in the body including: contributing to chemical reactions, helping to make energy, helping to fight off infections, helping to repair tissue etc.
-The main vitamin types are A, B1, B2, C, D and E.

Question 18

What are examples of foods that contain vitamins?

Answer 18

Fruits, vegetables, dairy products, whole grains, eggs etc.

Question 19

Define minerals

Answer 19

-Minerals make up 4% of the weight of the human body and must be ingested daily.
-Minerals have different roles like building tissue, maintaining fluid in the body, helping muscles to contract, transporting oxygen in the blood etc.

Question 20

What are examples of minerals?

Answer 20

-Potassium
-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Phosphorus

Question 21

What foods are minerals found in?

Answer 21

Dairy products, legumes, seafood and fish, fruits, vegetables etc.

Question 22

Why do we need energy?

Answer 22

Energy is required to do anything. Sleeping, reading, sitting, standing, walking, weightlifting, sports etc. all require energy. Since we constantly use energy, it needs to be replaced regularly

Question 23

Which nutrients are a source of energy and which are not?

Answer 23

Are: Carbohydrates and fats.
Are not: Water, minerals and vitamins.

(Proteins are mostly used build and repair body tissue. If there are no carbohydrates and fats or if there are too much protein, only then will protein be used as an energy source).

Question 24

1 gram of carbohydrate = ? calories
1 gram of protein = ? calories
1 gram of fat = ? calories

Answer 24

1 gram of carbohydrate = 4 calories
1 gram of protein = 4 calories
1 gram of fat = 9 calories

Question 25

Problem #1:

One serving of food contains 20g of fat, 14g of protein and 3g of carbohydrate. Approximately how many calories are in one serving?

Answer 25

20g x 9 calories = 180 calories
14g x 4 calories = 56 calories
3g x 4 calories = 12 calories

180 + 56 + 12 = 248

Answer: 248 calories

Question 26

What are the two parts of the digestive system?

Answer 26

-The digestive tract
-The digestive glands

Question 27

What are the 6 things the digestive tract is made up of?

Answer 27

-The mouth
-The pharynx
-The esophagus
-The stomach
-The small intestine
-The large intestine

Question 28

Define digestive glands

Answer 28

Digestive glands make chemical secretions that are needed to digest food as it travels in the digestive tract.