Digestive system Flashcards
accessory organ
organs that secrete substances needed for the digestive system but food does not actively pass through them
mechanical digestion
physical action (i.e. chewing)
chemical digestion
breakdown of food using enzyme secretion and acids
major parts of the oral cavity
teeth, tongue, soft palate, hard palate, epiglottis
what do salivary glands produce
salivary amylase
define bolus
round mass of chewed food
tongue function
help form bolus, manipulate chewed food, contains salivary glands
hard palate function
bony structure that separates oral and nasal cavity
soft palate function
helps with swallowing and bolus formation , prevents food from entering nose
epiglottis function
prevents food from entering windpipe, seals off windpipe when swallowing
peristaltic movement
wave-like movements that push food down as muscles contract and relax
does digestion take place in the esophagus
no, only a passageway
what are sphincters
control how much food can enter and exit the stomach, also prevents stomach contents from going back up into esophagus
chyme definition
semi-fluid partially digested food produced after food is processed by the stomach
how does the stomach decontaminate food matter
the acidity of the stomach along with the enzymes it makes destroys the bacteria and toxins
what are the two major enzymes that the stomach releases
gastric lipase and pepsin
what does gastric lipase do
breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerides
what does pepsin do
pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids
what do gastric epithelial cells do
secrete mucus that protects stomach lining
what do chief cells do
secrete pepsinogen
what do parietal cells do
secrete hydrochloric acid
what do g cells do
secrete gastrin
the three sections of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
what does the duodenum do
receives digestive enzymes from other organs those mix with chyme from the stomach
what does the jejunum do
absorbs the majority of nutrients
what does the ileum do
absorbs any remaining nutrients and vitamin b12
is the ph of the small intestine larger or smaller than the ph of the stomach
larger
where do bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine
dudenum
function of the large intestine
absorbs water and salt, forms feces, and aids in bacterial fermentation
three main parts of the large intestine
cecum, colon, rectum
cecum function
fluid absorption
colon function
last of water absorption, form feces
rectum function
receive feces, store for release
how does insulin relate to the digestive system
regulate secretion of digestive enzymes
how are the liver and gallbladder related
liver produces bile while gallbladder stores it
functions of the liver
detoxify the blood, metabolize medication, converts excess glucose to glycogen, produce blood clotting hormones, and move cholesterol
where is salivary amylase produced
salivary glands
where does salivary amylase function
oral cavity
what macromolecule does it break down
carbs/starches
where is gastric lipase produced
stomach
where does gastric lipase function
stomach
what macromolecule does gastric lipase breakdown
lipids
where is pepsin produced
stomach
where does pepsin function
stomach
what macromolecule does pepsin breakdown
proteins
where is trypsin produced
pancreas
where does trypsin function
small intestine
what macromolecule does trypsin breakdown
protein
where does sucrase function
small intestine
what macromolecule does sucrase breakdown
sucrose
where is sucrase produced
small intestine
where is pancreatic lipase produced
pancreas
where does pancreatic lipase function
small intestine
what macromolecule does pancreatic lipase breakdown
lipids
what macromolecule does pancreatic amylase breakdown
carbs
where is pancreatic amylase produced
pancreas
where does pancreatic amylase function
small intestine
where does bile function
stomach
what macromolecule does bile breakdown
emulsifies fats
