Digestive system Flashcards
accessory organ
organs that secrete substances needed for the digestive system but food does not actively pass through them
mechanical digestion
physical action (i.e. chewing)
chemical digestion
breakdown of food using enzyme secretion and acids
major parts of the oral cavity
teeth, tongue, soft palate, hard palate, epiglottis
what do salivary glands produce
salivary amylase
define bolus
round mass of chewed food
tongue function
help form bolus, manipulate chewed food, contains salivary glands
hard palate function
bony structure that separates oral and nasal cavity
soft palate function
helps with swallowing and bolus formation , prevents food from entering nose
epiglottis function
prevents food from entering windpipe, seals off windpipe when swallowing
peristaltic movement
wave-like movements that push food down as muscles contract and relax
does digestion take place in the esophagus
no, only a passageway
what are sphincters
control how much food can enter and exit the stomach, also prevents stomach contents from going back up into esophagus
chyme definition
semi-fluid partially digested food produced after food is processed by the stomach
how does the stomach decontaminate food matter
the acidity of the stomach along with the enzymes it makes destroys the bacteria and toxins
what are the two major enzymes that the stomach releases
gastric lipase and pepsin
what does gastric lipase do
breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerides
what does pepsin do
pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids
what do gastric epithelial cells do
secrete mucus that protects stomach lining
what do chief cells do
secrete pepsinogen
what do parietal cells do
secrete hydrochloric acid
what do g cells do
secrete gastrin
the three sections of the small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
what does the duodenum do
receives digestive enzymes from other organs those mix with chyme from the stomach
