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HBS > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

accessory organ

A

organs that secrete substances needed for the digestive system but food does not actively pass through them

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2
Q

mechanical digestion

A

physical action (i.e. chewing)

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3
Q

chemical digestion

A

breakdown of food using enzyme secretion and acids

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4
Q

major parts of the oral cavity

A

teeth, tongue, soft palate, hard palate, epiglottis

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5
Q

what do salivary glands produce

A

salivary amylase

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6
Q

define bolus

A

round mass of chewed food

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7
Q

tongue function

A

help form bolus, manipulate chewed food, contains salivary glands

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8
Q

hard palate function

A

bony structure that separates oral and nasal cavity

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9
Q

soft palate function

A

helps with swallowing and bolus formation , prevents food from entering nose

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10
Q

epiglottis function

A

prevents food from entering windpipe, seals off windpipe when swallowing

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11
Q

peristaltic movement

A

wave-like movements that push food down as muscles contract and relax

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12
Q

does digestion take place in the esophagus

A

no, only a passageway

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13
Q

what are sphincters

A

control how much food can enter and exit the stomach, also prevents stomach contents from going back up into esophagus

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14
Q

chyme definition

A

semi-fluid partially digested food produced after food is processed by the stomach

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15
Q

how does the stomach decontaminate food matter

A

the acidity of the stomach along with the enzymes it makes destroys the bacteria and toxins

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16
Q

what are the two major enzymes that the stomach releases

A

gastric lipase and pepsin

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17
Q

what does gastric lipase do

A

breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerides

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18
Q

what does pepsin do

A

pepsin breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids

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19
Q

what do gastric epithelial cells do

A

secrete mucus that protects stomach lining

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20
Q

what do chief cells do

A

secrete pepsinogen

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21
Q

what do parietal cells do

A

secrete hydrochloric acid

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22
Q

what do g cells do

A

secrete gastrin

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23
Q

the three sections of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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24
Q

what does the duodenum do

A

receives digestive enzymes from other organs those mix with chyme from the stomach

25
Q

what does the jejunum do

A

absorbs the majority of nutrients

26
Q

what does the ileum do

A

absorbs any remaining nutrients and vitamin b12

27
Q

is the ph of the small intestine larger or smaller than the ph of the stomach

A

larger

28
Q

where do bile and pancreatic enzymes enter the small intestine

A

dudenum

29
Q

function of the large intestine

A

absorbs water and salt, forms feces, and aids in bacterial fermentation

30
Q

three main parts of the large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum

31
Q

cecum function

A

fluid absorption

32
Q

colon function

A

last of water absorption, form feces

33
Q

rectum function

A

receive feces, store for release

34
Q

how does insulin relate to the digestive system

A

regulate secretion of digestive enzymes

35
Q

how are the liver and gallbladder related

A

liver produces bile while gallbladder stores it

36
Q

functions of the liver

A

detoxify the blood, metabolize medication, converts excess glucose to glycogen, produce blood clotting hormones, and move cholesterol

37
Q

where is salivary amylase produced

A

salivary glands

38
Q

where does salivary amylase function

A

oral cavity

39
Q

what macromolecule does it break down

A

carbs/starches

40
Q

where is gastric lipase produced

A

stomach

41
Q

where does gastric lipase function

A

stomach

42
Q

what macromolecule does gastric lipase breakdown

A

lipids

43
Q

where is pepsin produced

A

stomach

44
Q

where does pepsin function

A

stomach

45
Q

what macromolecule does pepsin breakdown

A

proteins

46
Q

where is trypsin produced

A

pancreas

47
Q

where does trypsin function

A

small intestine

48
Q

what macromolecule does trypsin breakdown

A

protein

49
Q

where does sucrase function

A

small intestine

50
Q

what macromolecule does sucrase breakdown

A

sucrose

51
Q

where is sucrase produced

A

small intestine

52
Q

where is pancreatic lipase produced

A

pancreas

53
Q

where does pancreatic lipase function

A

small intestine

54
Q

what macromolecule does pancreatic lipase breakdown

A

lipids

55
Q

what macromolecule does pancreatic amylase breakdown

A

carbs

56
Q

where is pancreatic amylase produced

A

pancreas

57
Q

where does pancreatic amylase function

A

small intestine

58
Q

where does bile function

A

stomach

59
Q

what macromolecule does bile breakdown

A

emulsifies fats

HBS (1 decks)

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