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anaphy lec > DIGESTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a function of the hydrochloric acid in the stomach?

  • Produces renin
  • Lowers the pH of gastric juice
  • Kills microorganisms
  • Activates secretions of the chief cells
  • Breaks down cell walls in foods
A

Produces renin

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2
Q

The functions of the oral cavity include:
- All of the above
- Only mechanical processing and lubrication
- Mechanical processing
- Analysis of the food
- Lubrication

A

All of the above

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3
Q

The common passage for bile and pancreatic juice

A

Ampulla of Vater

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4
Q

cells produce insulin

A

Beta cells

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5
Q

Which of the following functions of the Digestive System BEST describes “Digestion”?
- Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food
- Absorption of nutrients in the gut
- Progressive dehydration of indigestible residue
- Input of food into the digestive tract
- Mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes

A

Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food

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6
Q

There are ____ deciduous teeth, and ____ permanent teeth.

A

20, 32

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7
Q

Which portion of the small intestine is attached to the large intestine

A

Ileum

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8
Q

secretion of buffers and digestive enzymes by exocrine cells; secretion of hormones by endocrine cells

A

Pancreas

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9
Q

Secretion of bile, which is important for lipid digestion; storage of nutrients, and has many other vital functions

A

Livers

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10
Q

Enzymatic digestion and absorption of water, organic substrates, vitamins, and ions

A

Small Intestine

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11
Q

Transport of food materials to the stomach

A

Esophagus

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12
Q

Storage and concentration of bile

A

Gallbladder

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13
Q

Chemical breakdown of materials by acid and enzymes; mechanical processing through muscular contractions

A

Stomach

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14
Q

Dehydration and compaction of indigestible materials in preparation for elimination

A

Large Intestine

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15
Q

Secretion of lubricating fluid containing enzymes that break down carbohydrates

A

Saliva secreted by salivary glands

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16
Q

LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- Trachea
- Pharynx
- Nasal cavity
- All choices are correct

A

Trachea

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17
Q

RESPIRATORY ZONE, EXCEPT:
- No exception
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveolar sacs
- Respiratory bronchioles

A

No exception

18
Q

TRUE OF THE FALSE VOCAL CORDS
- Functions in holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity
- vocal folds
- Inferior pair of folds
- Functions in voice production

A

Functions in holding the breath against pressure in the thoracic cavity

19
Q

LOCATION OF TRACHEA IN RELATION TO THE ESOPHAGUS
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Medial
- Posterior

A

Anterior

20
Q

WHICH IS MORE VERTICAL, SHORTER AND LARGER?
- Right main bronchus
- Left main bronchus
- All are equal
- No choice is correct

A

Right main bronchus

21
Q

THE MEMBRANE THAT LINES THE WALL OF THE THORACIC CAVITY
- Parietal pleura
- Visceral pleura
- Peritoneum
- No choice is correct

A

Parietal pleura

22
Q

HOW MANY LOBES IN THE LEFT LUNG?

A

2

23
Q

TRUE OF TYPE II ALVEOLAR CELLS, EXCEPT:
- More numerous
- no exception
- Rounded or cuboidal in shape
- Also called septal cells
- Secrete alveolar fluid including the surfactant to lower surface tension

A

More numerous

24
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT/S IS/ARE TRUE?
- Exhalation results from elastic recoil of the chest wall and the lungs
- Inhalation is a passive process
- Inhalation starts when the inspiratory muscles relax
- All the choices are correct
- None of the choices is true

A

Exhalation results from elastic recoil of the chest wall and the lungs

25
Q

Spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm followed by a spasmodic closure of the rima glottidis, which produces a sharp sound on inhalation:
- Hiccupping
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Valsalva

A

Hiccupping

26
Q

The papillae of the renal pyramids are located close to the renal _____ area.
- Medulla
- Pelvis
- Cortex
- Capsule

A

Pelvis

27
Q

The area where the renal artery enters the kidney and the renal vein and ureter exits the kidney is called the ______.
- Bowman’s capsule
- Juxtaglomerular apparatus
- Macula densa
- Renal hilum

A

Renal hilum

28
Q

Correct sequence of blood flow through the kidneys on its route to the glomeruli of the nephrons?

A

renal artery segmental artery interlobar artery arcuate artery (cortical radiate) artery afferent arteriole

29
Q

correct sequence regarding the flow of waste products through the nephrons of the kidneys?

A

glomerular capsule proximal convoluted tubule loop of Henle distal convoluted tubule collecting duct

30
Q

One of the many functions of the nephrons is to put water back into the bloodstream to prevent dehydration. In order to accomplish that task, the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes various areas of the nephrons to become permeable to water. What region of the numerous nephrons is sensitive to ADH?

A

Distal convoluted tubule

31
Q

Once the nephron becomes permeable to water, water will enter into the bloodstream and therefore stay in the body. What is/are the name/s of the blood vessels that surround the nephrons?

A

Vasa recta

32
Q

In the glomerulus, these cells cover the capillaries which makes the membrane impermeable to plasma proteins and blood cells.

A

Podocytes

33
Q

The following are part of the urine formation process, EXCEPT:
- Glomerular Filtration
- Tubular Reabsorption
- Tubuloglomerular feedback
- Tubular Secretion

A

Tubuloglomerular feedback

34
Q

A thickening of smooth muscle at the bladder urethra junction which keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed.

A

Internal urethral sphincter

35
Q

Which of the following substances is/are reabsorbed by the nephrons of the kidney?

A

Glucose

36
Q

Calcitriol, the active form of Vit. D, helps regulate calcium homeostasis, and erythropoietin stimulates the production of red blood cells. Both of these are related to which function of the kidneys.

A

Production of hormones

37
Q

Three layers of tissue surrounding your kidneys are the following EXCEPT:
- Renal fascia
- Adipose capsule
- Renal capsule
- Renal corpuscle

A

Renal corpuscle

38
Q

A condition when there is an inferior displacement or dropping of the kidney and occurs when it slips from its normal position because it is not securely held in place by adjacent organs or its covering of fat.

A

Nephroptosis

39
Q

In some kidney diseases, glomerular capillaries are damaged and become so permeable that plasma proteins enter glomerular filtrate. This in turn results to a visible sign of these patients called

A

Edema

40
Q

When blood concentration of glucose exceeds 200 mg/mL, the renal symporters cannot work fast enough to reabsorb all the glucose that enters the glomerular filtrate. This results to some glucose remaining in the urine in a condition known as

A

Glucosuria

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