Digestive system

Question 1

Identify 5 parts of the digestive system

Answer 1

Oesophagus
Liver
Stomach
Pancreas
large intestine
small intestine
rectum

Question 2

Describe how the digestive system is affected by IBS

Answer 2

Intestine disorder
Affects the colon (the large intestine)
Muscles in colon do not work at the right speed
coordination with muscles in the rectum or pelvis is interrupted.
Leads to abdominal cramps/spasm, bloating, constipation and diarrhoea/pain.

Question 3

Name all the organs in the digestive system

Answer 3

Anus
Pancreas
Stomach
large intestine
gall bladder

Question 4

Name a malfunction of the digestive system

Answer 4

Coeliac disease
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Gallstones

Question 5

Pancreatic juices play a part in digestion, they are released from the pancreas to the ___1___ intestine. They neutralise the chyme. Partially digested food from the stomach because they are ___2___ pancreatic juices contain chemicals caused _____3____ which break down the food into smaller soluble molecules. These chemicals break down all three of the major food groups- carbohydrates, ___4__ and ___5____ .

Answer 5

1) Small
2) Alkaline
3) Enzymes
4) Fats
5) Proteins

Question 6

Name one organ that secretes hydrochloric acid

Answer 6

Stomach

Question 7

Name two organs that produces enzymes

Answer 7

Pancreas, liver, small intestine, stomach

Question 8

Name one organ that stores bile

Answer 8

gall bladder

Question 9

Name one organ where the products of digestion enters the blood.

Answer 9

Small intestine

Question 10

Explain what is meant by the term hormone

Answer 10

Chemical messenger
Produced by glands (accept organs)
Carried by blood
Act on specific organ

Question 11

Describe chemical digestion in small intestine

Answer 11

Bile neutralises for ophmum conditions in intestines.
Pancreas releases protases, lipase and carbohydrate.
Wall of small intestine produces protases and carbohydrates.
Fats break down to fatty acids and glycerol.
Proteins broken down to polypeptides then amino acids.
Complex curbs break down simple sugars.

Question 12

When food enters the stomach it is mixed with
with digestive juices the muscular walls of the stomach ___1____ the food with the juices which is called ____2____ digestion the stomach produces ____3_____ which helps to destroy bacteria, . It also produces the ___4____- that breaks down large ____5____ molecules into smaller ones. This is called ___6____ digestion.

Answer 12

1) Churns
2) Mechanical
3)Acid
4) Enzyme
5) Protein
6) Chemical

Question 13

The digestive system consists of specialised organs that work together to break down food. Describe what happens to food in the buccal cavity up to the time it enters the stomach.

Answer 13

Mechanical points:

Mechanical digestion occurs

Food is chewed

Made malleable/ bows is formed

Salivary glands produce saliva

Food is lubricated

Food is swallowed and enters the oesophagus

Oesophagus performs peristalsis

Chemical points:

Chemical digestion occurs

Saliva contains enzyme (amylase)

Question 14

Karim has coeliac disease. Explain why he has been advised not to eat foods containing gluten as part of his dietary support plan. *

Answer 14

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune disease.

Immune response is triggered by protein in wheat called gluten

So, foods such as pasta, bread and cereals can trigger the response

Coeliac can cause other diseases, e.g., anaemia, osteoporosis

Question 15

State whether the statements are true or false

Answer 15

Diabetes is caused when the pancreas produces too much insulin (false)

The hormone glucagon is produced by the pancreas (true)

The pancreas produces the hormone insulin (true)

Type 2 diabetes is caused when cells in the pancreas are destroyed during childhood (false)