Digestive system

Question 1

what is process of chewing food in the mouth

Answer 1

mastication

Question 2

the process of using digested and absorbed food in the body

Answer 2

assimilation

Question 3

the process of taking out indigested food out of the body

Answer 3

egestion

Question 4

which tube is likely to contain a lot of glucose after a meal

Answer 4

the hepatic portal vein

Question 5

which tube is likely to contain an emulsifying agent

Answer 5

pancreas—> gall bladder

Question 6

which tube is likely to contain digestive enzymes

Answer 6

small intestine

Question 7

Name the digestive juices secreted by the stomach and small intestine

Answer 7

gastric juices and pancreatic juices

Question 8

name the function of the enzymes produced in the stomach

Answer 8

proteases —-> break down protein

Question 9

state the three nutritive function of the liver organ

Answer 9

1) manufactures bile
2) de-amination occurs to break the amino group
3) detoxification occurs to turn harmful substances into unharmful substances

Question 10

by what process is food moved down the small intestine

Answer 10

peristalsis

Question 11

Name the three functions of the liquid stored in gall bladder

Question 12

What is nutrition

Answer 12

nutrition is the sum of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.

Question 13

what is ingestion

Answer 13

is the process where food is taken in

Question 14

what is digestion

Answer 14

the process where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules either mechanically or chemically.

Question 15

what is absorption

Answer 15

is the process where the molecules move through the intestinal walls (small intestine) into the blood vessels

Question 16

what is assimilation

Answer 16

the process where nutrients are moves into and used by the cell

Question 17

what is egestion

Answer 17

the process whereby unused nutrients are eliminated from the digestive system.

Question 18

what is the food pyramid for human nutrients pg1

Question 19

what are the important minerals we need

Answer 19

calcium
phosphorus
iodine

Question 20

what is the process called where autotrophs (plants) produce food

Answer 20

photosynthesis

Question 21

what are herbivores

Answer 21

mammals that consume plant material only

Question 22

what is the dental formula for herbivores?

why are their dental (teeth) arranged like that?

Answer 22

0.0.3.3
4.0.3.3

their dentition and digestive tract have adapted to consuming large amounts of plant material.

Question 23

what are omnivores

Answer 23

mammals that consume both plant and animal matter

Question 24

what enzyme do humans not contain? why?

Answer 24

cellulase enzyme
They are unable to digest cellulosic matter

Question 25

what is a ruminant

Answer 25

ruminant possess a higher number of microorganisms that contain the cellulase enzyme that digests cellulose to glucose

Question 26

what do ruminants have

Answer 26

rumen

Question 27

what is another name for herbivore

Answer 27

ruminants

Question 28

what rumen

Answer 28

the rumen is a complex stomach that contains four different compartments

Question 29

name the compartments of rumen

Answer 29

rumen reticulum omasum abomasum

Question 30

what do the compartments of rumen differ from each other

Answer 30

the function they carry out and structure

Question 31

which compartment is the largest in a ruminant, why?

Answer 31

rumen contains a higher population of microorganisms that ferment cellulose

Question 32

what is the similarities between digestion in humans and ruminants

Answer 32

1) both involve in digestion of ingested food 2) mechanical digestion in both take place in the buccal cavity

Question 33

what is another word for mouth

Answer 33

buccal cavity

Question 34

what are the differences between humans and ruminants

Question 34

what are the differences between humans and ruminants

Question 34

what are the differences between humans and ruminants

Question 35

what are carnivores

Answer 35

mammals that have to hunt, kill and tear apart their prey to eat

Question 36

what is the alimentary canal made up of

Answer 36

mouth pharynx oesphagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectrum anus

Question 37

what is the other word for digestive system

Answer 37

alimentary canal

Question 38

name the two types of digestion

Answer 38

mechanical chemical

Question 39

what is mechanical digestion

Answer 39

- mouth. chew food with teeth and tongue working the food into a bolus -Peristalsis the food moves down the alimentary canal

Question 40

what is peristalsis

Answer 40

the process where muscles contract and relax antagonistically

Question 41

where does peristalsis occur

Answer 41

oesphagus and stomach

Question 42

what is churning

Answer 42

the breaking down of food in the stomach into a liquid

Question 43

what does physical digestion result to

Answer 43

in the reduction of food particle sizes

Question 44

what does physical digestion increase

Answer 44

the surface area of the food particles for the enzymes to work

Question 45

what is chemical digestion

Answer 45

the use of enzymes to break the food into basic chemical compounds ---> for absorption

Question 46

what do enzymes control

Answer 46

chemical breakdown

Question 47

what are enzymes sensitive to

Answer 47

temperature and pH

Question 48

where does absorption occur

Answer 48

mouth stomach small intestine (majority) large intestine

Question 49

what does the large intestine largely absorb

Answer 49

water

Question 50

for absorption to occur what criteria must the small intestine meet

Answer 50

1) there must be a large surface 2) surface must be thin 3) good supply of blood 4) molecule must be close to the surface

Question 51

explain the hepatic portal system

Answer 51

capillaries->venules. venules join venules (stomach)-> hepatic portal vein transports amino acids and glucose molecules. small intestine-->liver join outside liver, spread out inside liver