Digestive system Flashcards
what is process of chewing food in the mouth
mastication
the process of using digested and absorbed food in the body
assimilation
the process of taking out indigested food out of the body
egestion
which tube is likely to contain a lot of glucose after a meal
the hepatic portal vein
which tube is likely to contain an emulsifying agent
pancreas—> gall bladder
which tube is likely to contain digestive enzymes
small intestine
Name the digestive juices secreted by the stomach and small intestine
gastric juices and pancreatic juices
name the function of the enzymes produced in the stomach
proteases —-> break down protein
state the three nutritive function of the liver organ
1) manufactures bile
2) de-amination occurs to break the amino group
3) detoxification occurs to turn harmful substances into unharmful substances
by what process is food moved down the small intestine
peristalsis
Name the three functions of the liquid stored in gall bladder
What is nutrition
nutrition is the sum of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.
what is ingestion
is the process where food is taken in
what is digestion
the process where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules either mechanically or chemically.
what is absorption
is the process where the molecules move through the intestinal walls (small intestine) into the blood vessels
what is assimilation
the process where nutrients are moves into and used by the cell
what is egestion
the process whereby unused nutrients are eliminated from the digestive system.
what is the food pyramid for human nutrients pg1
what are the important minerals we need
calcium
phosphorus
iodine
what is the process called where autotrophs (plants) produce food
photosynthesis
what are herbivores
mammals that consume plant material only
what is the dental formula for herbivores?
why are their dental (teeth) arranged like that?
0.0.3.3
4.0.3.3
their dentition and digestive tract have adapted to consuming large amounts of plant material.
what are omnivores
mammals that consume both plant and animal matter
what enzyme do humans not contain? why?
cellulase enzyme
They are unable to digest cellulosic matter
what is a ruminant
ruminant possess a higher number of microorganisms that contain the cellulase enzyme that digests cellulose to glucose
what do ruminants have
rumen
what is another name for herbivore
ruminants
what rumen
the rumen is a complex stomach that contains four different compartments
name the compartments of rumen
rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum
what do the compartments of rumen differ from each other
the function they carry out and structure
which compartment is the largest in a ruminant, why?
rumen
contains a higher population of microorganisms that ferment cellulose
what is the similarities between digestion in humans and ruminants
1) both involve in digestion of ingested food
2) mechanical digestion in both take place in the buccal cavity
what is another word for mouth
buccal cavity
what are the differences between humans and ruminants
what are the differences between humans and ruminants
what are the differences between humans and ruminants
what are carnivores
mammals that have to hunt, kill and tear apart their prey to eat
what is the alimentary canal made up of
mouth
pharynx
oesphagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectrum
anus
what is the other word for digestive system
alimentary canal
name the two types of digestion
mechanical
chemical
what is mechanical digestion
- mouth.
chew food with teeth and tongue working the food into a bolus
-Peristalsis
the food moves down the alimentary canal
what is peristalsis
the process where muscles contract and relax antagonistically
where does peristalsis occur
oesphagus and stomach
what is churning
the breaking down of food in the stomach into a liquid
what does physical digestion result to
in the reduction of food particle sizes
what does physical digestion increase
the surface area of the food particles for the enzymes to work
what is chemical digestion
the use of enzymes to break the food into basic chemical compounds —> for absorption
what do enzymes control
chemical breakdown
what are enzymes sensitive to
temperature and pH
where does absorption occur
mouth
stomach
small intestine (majority)
large intestine
what does the large intestine largely absorb
water
for absorption to occur what criteria must the small intestine meet
1) there must be a large surface
2) surface must be thin
3) good supply of blood
4) molecule must be close to the surface
explain the hepatic portal system
capillaries->venules.
venules join venules (stomach)-> hepatic portal vein
transports amino acids and glucose molecules. small intestine–>liver
join outside liver, spread out inside liver
