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Life Science : Exam > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

what is process of chewing food in the mouth

A

mastication

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2
Q

the process of using digested and absorbed food in the body

A

assimilation

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3
Q

the process of taking out indigested food out of the body

A

egestion

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4
Q

which tube is likely to contain a lot of glucose after a meal

A

the hepatic portal vein

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5
Q

which tube is likely to contain an emulsifying agent

A

pancreas—> gall bladder

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6
Q

which tube is likely to contain digestive enzymes

A

small intestine

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7
Q

Name the digestive juices secreted by the stomach and small intestine

A

gastric juices and pancreatic juices

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8
Q

name the function of the enzymes produced in the stomach

A

proteases —-> break down protein

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9
Q

state the three nutritive function of the liver organ

A

1) manufactures bile
2) de-amination occurs to break the amino group
3) detoxification occurs to turn harmful substances into unharmful substances

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10
Q

by what process is food moved down the small intestine

A

peristalsis

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11
Q

Name the three functions of the liquid stored in gall bladder

A
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12
Q

What is nutrition

A

nutrition is the sum of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion.

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13
Q

what is ingestion

A

is the process where food is taken in

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14
Q

what is digestion

A

the process where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules either mechanically or chemically.

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15
Q

what is absorption

A

is the process where the molecules move through the intestinal walls (small intestine) into the blood vessels

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16
Q

what is assimilation

A

the process where nutrients are moves into and used by the cell

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17
Q

what is egestion

A

the process whereby unused nutrients are eliminated from the digestive system.

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18
Q

what is the food pyramid for human nutrients pg1

A
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19
Q

what are the important minerals we need

A

calcium
phosphorus
iodine

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20
Q

what is the process called where autotrophs (plants) produce food

A

photosynthesis

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21
Q

what are herbivores

A

mammals that consume plant material only

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22
Q

what is the dental formula for herbivores?

why are their dental (teeth) arranged like that?

A

0.0.3.3
4.0.3.3

their dentition and digestive tract have adapted to consuming large amounts of plant material.

23
Q

what are omnivores

A

mammals that consume both plant and animal matter

24
Q

what enzyme do humans not contain? why?

A

cellulase enzyme
They are unable to digest cellulosic matter

25
Q

what is a ruminant

A

ruminant possess a higher number of microorganisms that contain the cellulase enzyme that digests cellulose to glucose

26
Q

what do ruminants have

A

rumen

27
Q

what is another name for herbivore

A

ruminants

28
Q

what rumen

A

the rumen is a complex stomach that contains four different compartments

29
Q

name the compartments of rumen

A

rumen
reticulum
omasum
abomasum

30
Q

what do the compartments of rumen differ from each other

A

the function they carry out and structure

31
Q

which compartment is the largest in a ruminant, why?

A

rumen
contains a higher population of microorganisms that ferment cellulose

32
Q

what is the similarities between digestion in humans and ruminants

A

1) both involve in digestion of ingested food
2) mechanical digestion in both take place in the buccal cavity

33
Q

what is another word for mouth

A

buccal cavity

34
Q

what are the differences between humans and ruminants

A
34
Q

what are the differences between humans and ruminants

A
34
Q

what are the differences between humans and ruminants

A
35
Q

what are carnivores

A

mammals that have to hunt, kill and tear apart their prey to eat

36
Q

what is the alimentary canal made up of

A

mouth
pharynx
oesphagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectrum
anus

37
Q

what is the other word for digestive system

A

alimentary canal

38
Q

name the two types of digestion

A

mechanical
chemical

39
Q

what is mechanical digestion

A
  • mouth.
    chew food with teeth and tongue working the food into a bolus
    -Peristalsis
    the food moves down the alimentary canal
40
Q

what is peristalsis

A

the process where muscles contract and relax antagonistically

41
Q

where does peristalsis occur

A

oesphagus and stomach

42
Q

what is churning

A

the breaking down of food in the stomach into a liquid

43
Q

what does physical digestion result to

A

in the reduction of food particle sizes

44
Q

what does physical digestion increase

A

the surface area of the food particles for the enzymes to work

45
Q

what is chemical digestion

A

the use of enzymes to break the food into basic chemical compounds —> for absorption

46
Q

what do enzymes control

A

chemical breakdown

47
Q

what are enzymes sensitive to

A

temperature and pH

48
Q

where does absorption occur

A

mouth
stomach
small intestine (majority)
large intestine

49
Q

what does the large intestine largely absorb

A

water

50
Q

for absorption to occur what criteria must the small intestine meet

A

1) there must be a large surface
2) surface must be thin
3) good supply of blood
4) molecule must be close to the surface

51
Q

explain the hepatic portal system

A

capillaries->venules.
venules join venules (stomach)-> hepatic portal vein
transports amino acids and glucose molecules. small intestine–>liver
join outside liver, spread out inside liver

Life Science : Exam (5 decks)

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