Digestive System

Question 1

what are the digestives accessory organs?

Answer 1

teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

Question 2

what does the teeth do?

Answer 2

mechanical digestion by breaking appart larger pieces into smaller pieces

Question 3

what does the tongue do?

Answer 3

mixing food with mucus, lipase, amalayze.
giving taste
rolling food into bolus (ball)

Question 4

what does the salivary glands do?

Question 5

what does the liver do?

Answer 5

liver produces bile and sends to gallbladder to get concentrated

Question 6

what does the gallbladder do?

Answer 6

concentrates bile and releases into intestine to help with digestion

Question 7

what does the pancreas do?

Answer 7

secretes base to neutralise stomach acids and digestive enzymes

Question 8

how many pairs of salivary glands do we have?

Question 9

what are the activities of the digestive tract?

Answer 9

ingestion, mechanical digestion, propulsion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation

Question 10

what is the process of ingestion?

Answer 10

Taking in food through the mouth for mastication, enzymes in saliva begin to chemically process the food.

Question 11

what is the process of mechanical digestion?

Answer 11

breaking larger pieces of food into smaller pieces of food and increases surface area.

Question 12

what is the process of propulsion?

Answer 12

Muscular contraction moving bolus through the digestive system from mouth to stomach for digestion

Question 13

what is the process of chemical digestion?

Answer 13

hydrochloric acid, pepsinogen, involves the secretions of enzymes throughout your digestive tract.
These enzymes break the chemical bonds that hold food particles together.

Question 14

what is the process of absorbtion?

Answer 14

The process by which the products of digestion are absorbed by the blood to be supplied to the rest of the body.
During absorption, the digested products are transported into the blood or lymph through the mucous membrane.

Question 15

what is the process of defecation?

Answer 15

Defecation follows digestion and is a necessary process by which organisms eliminate a solid, semisolid, or liquid waste material from the digestive tract via the anus.

Question 16

what are the tissue layers of the digestive tract?

Answer 16

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Question 17

What does the mucosa do?

Answer 17

Certain cells in the mucosa secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and hormones.

Question 18

What does the submucosa do?

Answer 18

Monitors the contents of the stomach and controls smooth muscle contraction and secretion of digestive substances.

Question 19

what does the muscularis do?

Answer 19

The muscularis externa layer produces churning movements required for mechanical digestion.

Question 20

what does the serosa do?

Answer 20

Helps to protect the stomach from friction as it expands with food and moves to mix and propel the food.

Question 21

what is the mucosa composed of?

Answer 21

Stratified squamous
Epithelium, an underlying loose connective tissue layer called lamina propria, and a thin layer of smooth muscle called the muscularis mucosa

Question 22

what is the submucosa composed of?

Answer 22

Various connective tissues, blood vessels, and parasympathtic nerves.

Question 23

what is the muscularis composed of?

Answer 23

Two thin layers of smooth muscles arranged as inner circular and outer longitudinal layer, oblique nerves.

Question 24

what is the serosa composed of?

Answer 24

A layer of simple squamous epithelium, known as mesothelium, and a thin layer of underlying connective tissue.
The serosa has a smooth, slippery surface and secretes a thin, watery secretion known as serous fluid.

Question 25

what is the enteric nerve system?

Answer 25

Web of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons embedded in the wall of the gastrointestinal system, beginning in the esophagus and extending down to the anus.

Question 26

what does the enteric nerve system do?

Answer 26

Control motor functions, local blood flow, mucosal transport and secretions, and modulates immune and endocrine functions.

Question 27

what are the two enteric nerve networks?

Answer 27

submucosal and the myenteric

Question 28

What does the myenteric plexus do?

Answer 28

Myenteric plexus increases the tone of the gut and the velocity and intensity of contractions.

Question 29

what does the submucosal plexus do?

Answer 29

Controls glandular secretion of mucosa, contractions of muscularis mucosae.