Digestive System

Question 1

Know the two groups that make up the digestive tract

Question 2

Know the order that food passes through the organs of the GI tract

Question 3

Know the accessory organs

Question 4

Know the six functions of the digestive system

Question 5

Describe the mesentery

Question 6

Know the histology of the digestive tract (know the 4 layers)

• Know the 3 subdivisions of the mucosa:
  1° Describe the epithelium, the lamina propria and the muscularis mucosae
  2° Describe the submucosa, what is a plexus?
  3° Describe the muscularis externa, where in the GI tract are the smooth muscle layers are replaced with skeletal muscle?
  4° Describe the serosa

Question 7

Know the four functions of saliva and where it is produced (ie 3 extrinsic salivary glands that lie outside the oral cavity and empty their secretions into it)

Question 8

Know the composition of saliva and which macromolecule begins to be digested

Question 9

Know the three regions of the pharynx

Question 10

Know the histology of the pharynx

Question 11

Know the morphology and histology of the esophagus

Question 12

Know the digestive process occurring in the mouth, pharynx and esophagus (describe deglutition, and peristalsis)

Question 13

What happens if the esophageal sphincter does not seal tightly?

Question 14

Describe the morphology of the stomach (include: layers of the muscularis externa, cardia, fundus, pyloric antrum, canal and sphincter)

Question 15

Describe the microscopic anatomy of the stomach, including the function of mucin cells, gastric gland cells-parietal and chief cells and enteroendrocrine cells

Question 16

What is the function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

Question 17

What is the only type of macromolecule to under chemical digestion in the stomach and which enzyme is responsible for this? How is this enzyme activated?

Question 18

Know the three regions of the small intestine

Question 19

The duodenum receives secretions from which organs and cells?

Question 20

Describe how the pyloric sphincter controls the release of small amounts of chyme into the duodenum

Question 21

Describe the route of secretions from the pancreas move through the pancreatic ducts to the duodenum

Question 22

Describe the morphology of the villi and microvilli of the small intestine

Question 23

Know what the Peyers patches are and what their function is

Question 24

Know the morphology and functions of the large intestine

Question 25

Describe the rectum, and sphincters found there, and know which is smooth muscle and which skeletal muscle.

Question 26

Describe peristalsis and segmentation

Question 27

Define chemical digestion

Question 28

Describe the contents of pancreatic juice and know the route the secretions take from the pancreas to the duodenum

Question 29

Describe hydrolysis reactions

Question 30

Know the major categories of pancreatic enzymes and their functions

Question 31

Know the chemical digestion of starch and polysaccharides

Question 32

Know the function of the brush border enzymes (you don’t need to know names)

Question 33

Know the chemical digestion of proteins

Question 34

Describe emulsification of fats

Question 35

Know the chemical digestion of fats

Question 36

Describe the breakdown of fatty acids and fats and the synthesis of chylomicrons, where are they absorbed?

Question 37

Review the control for the slow release of chime from the stomach into the duodenum, and know at least one hormone secreted by the duodenum and it’s role in digestion

Question 38

Review the functions of the large intestine

Question 39

Know the composition of feces

Question 40

What causes the increase in colonic motility following a meal?

Question 41

What stimulates the defecation reflex?