Digestive System Flashcards
2 main group of the digestive system
Alimentary
Accessory organs
What is the function of the liver
Bile Processes absorbed food Makes vit a Sores fat soluble vitamins Breaks down alcohol and drugs
Functions of bile
Provides alkaline medium
Emulsified large fat globules
Absorption of fat
Emulsifies
Physically breaks up into smaller pieces
Gall bladder
Small muscular bag found under liver to real ease bill when necessary
Physical digestion includes
Mastication
Peristalsis
Stomach churning
What is peristalsis in the digestive system
Moves meant of food to stomach
Peristalsis
Alternating waves of contraction and relaxation
Chemical digestion the definition
The process of making large insoluble molecules into smaller more soluble thru hydrolysis
Hydrolysis
The breaking down of food by hydrolysis due to the add of water
Hydrolases
Enzymes
How do hydrolases work
Good to active site
Active site breaks down due 2 h20
Food then moves on
Digestive sequence of carbohydrates
Starch to carbohydrase to maltose to carbohydrase to glucose
Digestive sequence of proteins
Protein to professes to polypeptides to professes to amino acids
Digestive sequence of fats
Large fat globule to bile salts to smaller fat droplets to lipases to glycerol and fatty acids
Where does most absorption occur
The small intestine
Why is the small intestine suited for absorption
Walls=transverse folds
Have villi
Villi have micro villi
What is the functions of villi
Secretes mucus
Increase SA
Rich Mito one cell thick
Lots blood and lymph
Goblets cells secrete what
Mucus
How are glycerol molecules absorbed
Water soluble goes straight into villi joins with the altered fatty acids and forms chyle (hepatic portal vein)
How are fatty acids absorbed
Water insoluble so combined with bile salts to become soluble enters villi and joins with glycerol to form chyle (hepatic portal vein)
Where does the chyle go to
Go from the lymph system to the capillaries surrounding the heart
What happens when blood sugar levels rise
Insulin is released
What happens when blood sugar levels get too low
Glucagon is released
Diabetes mellitus has two type which are
1 from birth not curable
2 for. Bad diet and lack of exercise can be cure
Structure of villi
Columnar epithelium small artery Goblet cells small vein Lacteals Lymph vessel Arteriole Micro villie Venule
Assimilation in the liver
Liver converts glucose into glycogen removes bad stuff
Then back when blood sugar too low break hormones
Excess amino broken to urea
