Digestive System

Question 1

6 basic processes of the digestive system

Answer 1

1) ingestion of food into the mount
2) movement of food along the digestive tract
3) mechanical preparation of food for digestion
4) chemical digestion of food
5) absorption of digestive food into the circulatory and lymphatic systems
6) elimination of indigestible substances and waste products from the body by defecation

Question 2

How far/long is the GI tract?

Answer 2

extends from the mouth to the anus

Question 3

the separate regions of the GI tract

Answer 3

1) mouth
2) pharynx
3) esophagus
4) stomach
5) small intestine
6) large intestine

Question 4

T/F: Secretion from the salivary glands contain an enzyme that initiates carbohydrate digestion.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F: The larynx serves as the common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems.

Answer 5

False

Pharynx

Question 6

flip of cartilage at the root of the tongue that closes off the trachea to prevent choking when swallowing

Answer 6

epiglottis

Question 7

a food and saliva digestive mix that is swallowed and then moved through the digestive tract

Answer 7

bolus

Question 8

waves of contractions that move food through the esophagus and into the stomach through the cardiac sphincter

Answer 8

peristalses (singular = peristalsis)

Question 9

thick liquid mixture created from the stomach grinding down food particles

Answer 9

chyme

Question 10

Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine through the…

Answer 10

pyloric sphincter

Question 11

the primary site for digestion and absorption of food, including energy-producing nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fats), vitamins, minerals, and water

Answer 11

small intestine

Question 12

3 segments of the small intestine

Answer 12

1) duodenum
2) jejunum
3) ileum

Question 13

segment of the small intestine where chyme is exposed to bile

Answer 13

duodenum

Question 14

another name/term for the large intestine

Answer 14

colon

Question 15

region of the GI tract where the final absorption of water and salt occurs, leaving semisolid waste that is passed out of the body through the anus

Answer 15

large intestine

Question 16

eliminates from the body a variety of metabolic products such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine, and excretes or conserves water and electrolytes

Answer 16

kidneys

Question 17

the 2 forms of digestion

Answer 17

mechanical and chemical

Question 18

the process of chewing, swallowing, and propelling food through the GI tract

Answer 18

mechanical digestion

Question 19

the addition of enzymes that break down nutrients

Answer 19

chemical digestion

Question 20

water, salt, and enzyme secretion from the salivary glands that begins digestion

Answer 20

saliva

Question 21

T/F: The gallbladder and pancreas are part of the GI tract.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

average amount of time food stays/digests in this region of the GI tract

Answer 22

1-4 hours

Question 23

region of the GI tract where carbohydrates, protein, lipids, vitamins, and minerals are absorbed

Answer 23

small intestine

Question 24

hairlike projections that allow for maximum absorptive capacity

Answer 24

villi and microvilli

Question 25

organ that detoxifies any harmful substances prior to sending them to the brain or heart

Answer 25

liver

Question 26

best sources of calcium

Answer 26

milk and milk products

Question 27

functions of calcium

Answer 27

1) strong bones, teeth, and muscle tissue 2) regulates heart beat, muscle action, and nerve function 3) blood clotting

Question 28

best sources of chromium

Answer 28

corn oil, clams, whole-grain cereals, brewer's yeast

Question 29

functions of chromium

Answer 29

1) glucose metabolism (energy) | 2) increases effectiveness of insulin

Question 30

best sources of copper

Answer 30

oysters, nuts, organ meats, legumes

Question 31

functions of copper

Answer 31

1) formation of red blood cells 2) bone growth and health 3) works with vitamin C to form elastin

Question 32

best sources of fluoride

Answer 32

fluorinated water, teas, marine fish

Question 33

functions of fluoride

Answer 33

1) stimulates bone formation | 2) inhibits or reverses dental caries

Question 34

sources of iodine

Answer 34

seafood, iodized salt

Question 35

functions of iodine

Answer 35

component of the hormone thyroxine which controls metabolism

Question 36

sources of iron

Answer 36

meats (esp organ meats) and legumes

Question 37

functions of iron

Answer 37

1) hemoglobin formation 2) improves blood quality 3) increases resistance to stress and disease

Question 38

sources of magnesium

Answer 38

nuts, green vegetables, and whole grains

Question 39

functions of magnesium

Answer 39

1) acid/alkaline balance | 2) important in the metabolism of carbohydrates, minerals, sugar (glucose)

Question 40

sources of manganese

Answer 40

nuts, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables

Question 41

functions of manganese

Answer 41

1) enzyme activation 2) carbohydrate and fat production 3) sex hormone production 4) skeletal development

Question 42

sources of molybdenum

Answer 42

legumes, grain products, and nuts

Question 43

functions of molybdenum

Answer 43

functions as a cofactor for a limited number of enzymes in humans

Question 44

sources of phosphorus

Answer 44

fish, meat, poultry, eggs, and grains

Question 45

functions of phosphorus

Answer 45

1) bone development | 2) important in protein, carbohydrate, and fat utilization

Question 46

sources of potassium

Answer 46

lean meat, vegetables, and fruits

Question 47

functions of potassium

Answer 47

1) fluid balance | 2) controls activity of heart muscle, nervous system, and kidneys

Question 48

sources of selenium

Answer 48

seafood, organ meats, lean meats, and grains

Question 49

functions of selenium

Answer 49

protects body tissues against oxidative damage from radiation, pollution, and normal metabolic processing

Question 50

sources of zinc

Answer 50

lean meats, liver, eggs, seafood, and whole grains

Question 51

functions of zinc

Answer 51

1) involved in digestion and metabolism 2) important in development of reproductive system 3) aids in healing