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Anatomy and Physiology > Digestive and Urine System > Flashcards

Digestive and Urine System Flashcards

1
Q

Consists of nerve plexuses within the wall of the digestive tract

A

Enteric Nervous System

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2
Q

Regulates glands and smooth muscle in the mucosa

A

Submucosal Nerve Plexus

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3
Q

Major nerve supply that controls GI tract mobility

A

Myenteric Nerve Plexus

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4
Q

Innermost layer that lines the lumen of the alimentary canal

A

Mucosa

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5
Q

Connective tissue layer containing the submucosal plexus (part of the enteric plexus), blood vessels, and small glands

A

Submucosa

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6
Q

Forms the outermost layer of the digestive tract

A

Serosa or Adventitia

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7
Q

Taking food and water into the mouth

A

Ingestion

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8
Q

Movement of nutrients from the GI tract to the blood or lymph

A

Absorb Nutrients

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9
Q

Elimination of indigestible solid wastes

A

Release of waste

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10
Q

Protect digestive organs from digesting themselves

A

Mucus Secretions

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11
Q

Is a serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and organs

A

Peritoneum

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12
Q

Has the oral orifice as its anterior opening

A

Oral cavity or mouth

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13
Q

Space between the lips or cheeks and the alveolar processes, which contain the teeth

A

Vestibule

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14
Q

Lies medial to the alveolar processes

A

Oral Cavity Proper

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15
Q

Involved in facial expression, mastication, and speech

A

Lips and Cheeks

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16
Q

Forms the roof of the mouth

A

Palate

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17
Q

Occupies the floor of the mouth and fills the oral cavity when mouth is closed

A

Tongue

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18
Q

Tear and grind food

A

Teeth

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19
Q

What are the types of teeth?

A

Incisors, Canines, Premolars, and Molars

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20
Q

Exposed part of the tooth above the gingiva

A

Crown

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21
Q

Portion of the tooth embedded in the jawbone

A

Root

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22
Q

Produce serous and mucous secretions

A

Salivary Glands

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23
Q

Primarily by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

A

Control of Salivation

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24
Q

Consists of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

A

Pharynx

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25
Connects the pharynx to the stomach
Esophagus
26
What are the three phases of stomach secretion?
Cephalic phase, Gastric phase, and Gastrointestinal phase
27
Initiated by the sight, smell, taste, or thought of food
Cephalic Phase
28
Initiated by distention of the stomach, which stimulates gastrin secretion and activates CNS and local reflexes that promote secretion
Gastric Phase
29
Acidic chyme, which enters the duodenum and stimulates neuronal reflexes and the secretion of hormones that inhibit gastric secretions
Gastrointestinal Phase
30
The body's major digestive organ
Small Intestine
31
Digestion is completed and absorption occurs
Small Intestine
32
Deep folds of the mucosa and submucosa
Circular folds
33
Fingerlike extensions of the mucosa
Villi
34
Tiny projections of absorptive mucosal cells plasma membranes. This forms a brush border
Microvilli
35
Produce digestive enzymes
Absorptive cells
36
Protect the intestinal epithelium form bacteria
Granular cells (Paneth cells)
37
Produce regulatory hormones
Endocrine cells
38
What are the four liver external lobes?
Right, Left, Caudate, and Quadrate
39
A small sac on the inferior surface of the liver
Gallbladder
40
A yellow-green, alkaline solution containing bile salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, neutral fats, phospholipids, and electrolytes
Bile
41
Formed by calyces into a larger funnel
Renal pelvis
42
Exits the kidney and connects to the urinary bladder
Ureter
43
Carries the fluid from the cortex through the medulla
Collecting duct
44
Empty their contents into a calyx
Papillary duct
45
Consists of the enlarged end of the nephron
Bowman’s capsule
46
Tuft of capillaries that resembles a ball of arn; lies within the indentation of Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
47
Inner layer of Bowman’s capsule that consists of specialized cells
Podocytes
48
Formed by glomerular capillaries, basement membrane, and podocytes of BC
Filtration membrane
49
The fluid that passes across the filtration membrane
Filtrate
50
Branch off the abdominal aorta and enter the kidneys
Renal arteries
51
Branch off the arcuate arteries and project into the cortex
Interlobular arteries
52
Arise form branches of the interlobular arteries and extend to the glomerular capillaries
Afferent arterioles
53
Specialized portions of the peritubular capillaries that extend deep into the medulla
Vasa recta
54
Forces fluid from the glomerular capillary across the FM into the BC
Filtration pressure
55
The filtration pressure and filtrate formation fall dramatically
Cardiovascular shock
56
Movement of substances from the filtrate across the wall of the nephrons back into the blood of the peritubular capillaries
Tubular reabsorption
57
Active transport of solutes across the nephron walls into the filtrate
Tubular secretion
58
Movement of water, ions, and small molecules through the FM into the BC
Filtration
59
What are the 5 functions of urinary system
Excretion, Regulation of blood volume and pressure, Regulation of the concentration of solutes in the blood, Regulation of RBC synthesis, and Regulation of vit.D sysnthesis
60
CT that surround each kidney
Renal capsule
61
Have loops of Henle that extend deep into the medulla
Juxtamedullary nephrons (15%)
62
Have loops Henle that do not extend deep into the medulla
Cortical nephrons (85%)
63
Bean-shaped organs size of a tightly clenched fist
Kidneys
64
Where the renal artery and nerves enter
Hilum
65
Funnel-shaped structure that surround the tip of each pyramid
Calyx
66
Surround the renal sinus
Cortex (outer) Medulla (inner)
67
Functional unit of kidney
Nephron
68
arch bet. The cortex and the medulla
Arcuate arteries
69
Branch off the arcuate arteries and project into the cortex
Interlobular arteries
70
Pressure of filtrate already inside the BC
Capsular pressure
71
Pressure of filtrate within the glomerular capillary
Colloid osmotic pressure
72
Increases water reabsorption by the kidney
Antidiuretic Hormone Mechanism
73
Secreted from the RA in response to increased blood pressure
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
74
Tube that carries urine form the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
75
Hollow muscular container that stores urine
Urinary bladder
76
Smooth muscle at the junction of the urinary bladder and urethra
Internal urinary sphincter (males)
77
Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra
External urinary sphincter (males and females)
78
Activated by stretch of the urinary bladder wall
Micturition reflex
79
Fluid inside all the cells in the body
Intracellular fluid compartment
80
Fluid outside all the cells in the body
Extracellular fluid compartment

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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