Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Zoo Quiz > Digestive and respiratory > Flashcards

Digestive and respiratory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

animals whose primary food source is plant- based.

A

herbivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

animals that eat other animals

A

Carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are those that rely entirely on animal flesh to obtain their nutrients

A

obligate carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are those that also eat non-animal food in addition to animal food

A

Facultative carnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

are animals that eat both plant- and animal-derived food

A

omnivores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Many aquatic animals are ____, which eat small organisms or food particles suspended in the water.

A

suspension feeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

feeders like the humpback whale shown above move water through a filtering
structure to obtain food.

A

filter feeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

animals that live in or on their food source, eating their way through the food

A

substrate feeder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

suck nutrient-rich fluid from a living host

A

fluid feeder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

eat relatively large pieces of food

A

bulk feeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is found in organisms with only one opening for digestion.

A

gastrovascular cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

is a more advanced system: it consists of one tube with a mouth at one end and an anus at the other.

A

alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

this type of digestive system consists of one stomach chamber. Humans and many animals (herbivores) have this system

A

monogastric: single chambered stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The stomach of birds has two chambers:

A

proventriculus and gizzard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are mainly herbivores like cows, sheep, and goats, whose entire diet consists of eating large amounts of roughage or fiber.

A

ruminants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The digestive enzymes of these animals cannot break down cellulose, but microorganisms present in the digestive system can. Therefore, the digestive system must be able to handle large amounts of roughage and break down the cellulose.

A

pseudo-ruminant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

is a muscular tube lined by a mucous membrane and
features a basic histological organization that is similar across all
of its segments of the tract.

A

GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

four layers of the gi tract

A

adventitia, submucosa, muscularis externa (2 layers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

consists of connective tissue containing
blood vessels, nerves, and fat.

A

adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

is a thick connective tissue layer that
contains arteries, veins, lymphatics, and nerves.

A

submucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

surrounds the submucosa and is
composed of two muscle layers, the inner circular layer and
outer longitudinal layer.

A

muscularis externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

There
are four distinct types of mucosal variations:

A

Protective mucosa, Secretory mucosa, Absorptive mucosa, Absorptive/protective mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

is characterized by a stratified squamous
epithelium. It is found in the oral cavity, pharynx,
esophagus, and anal canal.

A

Protective mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contains cells that are responsible for the
secretion of digestive enzymes. It is found exclusively in the
stomach

A

Secretory mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

contains two key structures, crypts and
villi, and is responsible primarily for absorbing digested
nutrients. It is found along the entirety of the small intestine.

A

Absorptive mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

specializes in water
absorption and mucous secretion. It is found in the large
intestine.

A

Absorptive/protective mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

is the most widespread
epithelium. This type of epithelia varies in thickness depending on
the number of cell layers present.

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

are mitotically active and
replace the cells of the epithelium which are lost by “wear and
tear”.

A

basal cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

is followed by layers of cells with
polyhedral outlines.

A

basal cell layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

is seen as single layer of tall, closely
packed cells, aligned like soldiers in a row. This epithelial type
lines the digestive tract from the stomach to the rectum.

A

Simple columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

are mostly associated with absorption and
secretion, and the digestive tract lining has two distinct
modifications that reflect those dual functions:

A

Columnar cells

microvilli and goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is the point of entry of food into the
digestive system,

A

oral cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

There are three major glands that
secrete saliva:

A
  • the parotid
  • the submandibular
  • the sublingual.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Saliva contains the following:

A

mucus, immunoglobulins, salivary amylase, lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

The chewing and wetting action provided by the teeth and saliva
prepare the food into a mass called the

A

bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

is junction that opens to both the
esophagus and the windpipe (trachea).

A

Pharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

As you swallow, the top of
the windpipe moves up so that its opening, the ____, is blocked
by a cartilaginous flap called the ______

A

glottis, epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

is a tubular organ that connects the mouth to the
stomach.

A

Esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

The smooth muscles of the
esophagus undergo a series of wave like movements
called __ that push the food toward the stomach

A

peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

A ring-like muscle called a __ forms valves in the digestive
system.

A

sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

__ is located at the
stomach end of the esophagus.

A

gastro-esophageal sphincter

42
Q

True or false. Many animals have a true sphincter; however, in humans, there is no true sphincter, but the
esophagus remains closed when there is no swallowing action.

A

True

43
Q

occurs when the acidic digestive juices
escape into the esophagus.

A

Acid reflux or “heartburn”

44
Q

is a saclike organ that secretes gastric digestive
juices.

A

stomach

45
Q

Protein digestion is mediated by an enzyme called __ in the stomach chamber.

A

pepsin

46
Q

Another cell type secrete hydrogen and chloride ions, which combine in the lumen to form hydrochloric acid, the primary acidic component of the stomach juices.

A

parietal cells

47
Q

The partially digested food and gastric juice
mixture is called

A

chyme

48
Q

is the organ where the digestion of protein, fats, and
carbohydrates is completed.

A

small intestine

49
Q

The small intestine is a long tube-like
organ with a highly folded surface containing finger-like
projections called the

A

villi

50
Q

The apical surface of each villus has
many microscopic projections called.

A

microvilli

51
Q

The human small intestine is over 6m long and is divided into
three parts:

A

a. duodenum
b. jejunum
c. ileum

52
Q

is produced in the liver and stored and concentrated in the
gallbladder.

A

bile

53
Q

reabsorbs the water from the
undigested food material and processes the waste material.

A

large intestine

54
Q

three parts of the large intestine

A

cecum, colon, rectum

55
Q

is an opening at the far-end of the digestive tract and is
the exit point for the waste material.

A

anus

56
Q

Two sphincters between the
rectum and anus control elimination:

A

the inner sphincter is
involuntary and the outer sphincter is voluntary.

57
Q

are organs that add secretions (enzymes) that catabolize food into nutrients.

A

Accessory Organs

58
Q

is the largest internal organ in humans and it plays a very
important role in digestion of fats and detoxifying blood.

A

liver

59
Q

is a small organ that aids the liver by storing bile
and concentrating bile salts.

A

gallbladder

60
Q

is the process
of taking in food through the mouth.

A

ingestion

61
Q

is the mechanical and chemical break down of food into
small organic fragments.

A

digestion

62
Q

The disaccharides are broken down
into monosaccharides by enzymes called

A

maltases, sucrases,
and lactases

63
Q

is a process in which large lipid
globules are broken down into several small lipid globules.

A

emulsification

64
Q

contain triglycerides,
cholesterol, and other lipids and have proteins on their surface.

A

Chylomicrons

65
Q

Fat soluble
vitamins are absorbed in the same manner as

A

lipids

66
Q

Water-soluble vitamins can
be directly absorbed into the bloodstream from the

A

intestine

67
Q

is a condition where
the feces are hardened because of excess water removal in the
colon.

A

constipation

68
Q

if enough water is not removed from the feces,
it results in

A

diarrhea

69
Q

is elimination of food by forceful expulsion
through the mouth.

A

Emesis, or vomiting

70
Q

The source of O2, called the

A

respiratory medium,

71
Q

The part of an animal’s body where gas is exchanged with the
surrounding environment is called the

A

respiratory surface.

72
Q

is a slow, passive transport process. In order
for diffusion to be a feasible means of providing oxygen to the cell,
the rate of oxygen uptake must match the rate of diffusion across
the membrane.

A

diffusion

73
Q

Systems of Gas Exchange

A

Direct Diffusion, Skin and Gills, Tracheal Systems in Insects, Mammalian Respiratory System

74
Q

is the most
abundant cartilage type in the body.

A

hyaline cartilage

75
Q

The respiratory or gas-exchange region of the lung is composed of
millions of

A

alveoli

76
Q

Tissue types in the respiratory system

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium, hyaline cartilage, Simple squamous epithelium.

77
Q

During inhalation, air enters the body through the __ located just inside the nose.

A

nasal cavity

78
Q

is coated with mucus to seal the
tissues from direct contact with air.

A

respiratory tract

79
Q

From the nasal cavity, air passes through the __ and
the ___, as it makes its way to the __

A

pharynx (throat); larynx (voice box); trachea

80
Q

The main function of the trachea

A

to funnel the inhaled air to the lungs and the exhaled air back out of the body.

81
Q

True or false. The lungs are not identical

A

true

82
Q

The ___ is larger and
contains three lobes, whereas the smaller __ contains two
lobes.

A

right lung; left lung

83
Q

In the lungs, air is diverted into smaller and smaller passages, called

A

brochi

84
Q

Each bronchus divides into
secondary bronchi, then into tertiary bronchi, which in turn divide,
creating smaller and smaller diameter ____ as they split

A

bronchioles

85
Q
A
86
Q

bronchioles
with a diameter smaller than 0.5 mm are the

A

respiratory
bronchioles

87
Q

subdivide into microscopic branches
called respiratory bronchioles.

A

terminal bronchioles

88
Q

___ are attached
to the end of each bronchiole. At the end of each duct are
approximately 100 ___, each containing 20 to 30 ___

A

alveolar ducts; alveolar sacs; alveoli

89
Q

Gas exchange
occurs only in

A

alveoli

90
Q

Alveoli are in direct contact with ____
of the circulatory system.

A

capillaries (one-cell thick)

91
Q

The air that organisms breathe contains ___ such
as dust, dirt, viral particles, and bacteria that can damage the
lungs or trigger allergic immune responses.

A

particulate matter

92
Q

The breathing mechanism involves two processes:

A
  • Inspiration
  • Expiration
93
Q

In the process of ____, there would be a
contraction of muscles attached to the ribs on the outer side
which pulls out the ribs and results in the expansion of the chest
cavity.

A

inspiration or inhalation

94
Q

The ___ process is considered once after the gaseous
exchange occurs in the lungs and the air is expelled out.

A

expiration process

95
Q

The neurons mainly responsible for regulating breathing are in the ___, near the base of the brain

A

medulla oblongata

96
Q

wheezing and breathlessness caused by a
narrowing of the airways

A

asthma

97
Q

inflammation of the lung’s larger airways

A

bronchitis

98
Q

disease of the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs

A

ephysema

99
Q

an allergic reaction to pollen, dust or other
irritants

A

hay fever

100
Q

caused by viruses

A

influenza

101
Q

inflammation of the voice box (larynx)

A

laryngitis

102
Q

infection of the lung

A

pneumonia

Biology Zoo Quiz (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions