Digestive and Excretory Systems

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

Process where food is broken down into subunits that are small enough to pass through the membranes of the body cells.

Question 2

Food contains energy in the form of?

Answer 2

Carbs, fats and proteins.

Also contain amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) and vitamins.

Question 3

Excretion

Answer 3

Process of getting rid of ammonia, the highly toxic waste product produced whenever animals metabolize proteins for energy.

Question 4

Intracellular digestion

Answer 4

Goes on inside the cell. Breaking down of food particles after they have been taken in.

Question 5

Paramecium digestion and excretion

Answer 5

1. Oral groove: how food is gathered
2. Food vacuole: where food is collected
3. Lysosomes: vacuole that contains digestive enzymes synthesized by the endoplasm reticulum.
4. Digestive vacuole: combo of food vacuole and lysosome. The enzymes break down the food particles into units small enough to be pass through the vacuole wall and into the cell.
5. Anal pore: fused with the digestive vacuole. Any undigested food or unused enzyme is expelled.

Question 6

Oral sphincter

Answer 6

Procure food and retain food in the mouth during chewing.

Located between the environment and mouth.

Question 7

Pharyngo-esophageal sphincter

Answer 7

Allows a ball of chewed food to pass into the esophagus.

Located between the pharynx and esophagus.

Question 8

Gastro-esophageal sphincter

Answer 8

Prevents reflux of stomach contents back up into esophagus.

Located between the esophagus and stomach.

Question 9

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 9

Allows stomach “chime” to move along for further digestion.

Located between the stomach and small intestine.

Question 10

Ileocolic sphincter

Answer 10

Not a true (muscular) sphincter.

Located between the small and large intestine.

Question 11

Internal rectal (inner anus)

Answer 11

Retains feces until rectum is full

Located between small and large intestine.

Question 12

External rectal (outer anus, voluntary control)

Answer 12

Retention of feces even after the rectum is full

Question 13

Genital papilla

Answer 13

Protrusion found only in female female pigs.

Question 14

Teeth

Answer 14

Mechanical breakup of food. Increases the surface area upon which the digestive enzymes can act.

Question 15

Hard palate

Answer 15

Provides a surface against which the tongue can manipulate or mash food.

Question 16

Soft palate

Answer 16

Soft to allow it to expand as a ball of food passes during swallowing.

Question 17

Tongue

Answer 17

Rolls the food into balls and pushes them to the back of the mouth for swallowing

Question 18

Papillae

Answer 18

Scattered all over the tongue. Contains taste buds.

Question 19

Pharynx

Answer 19

Where food and air passages cross at the rear of the oral cavity

Question 20

Nasopharynx

Answer 20

Where air comes into the pharynx from the nasal passages.

Question 21

Glottis

Answer 21

Opening to the trachea. Surrounded by a collar-like flap called the epiglottis which prevents food from going down the trachea.

Question 22

Opening of the esophagus

Answer 22

Tube of the digestive tract that leads through the neck and thorax.

Question 23

Browsers

Answer 23

Chisel-like incisors (front teeth) that are adapted for nipping off leaves and branches. Example: deer

Question 24

Carnivore

Answer 24

Pointed canine teeth. Example: dogs and lions

Question 25

Herbivore

Answer 25

Broad, flat molars for grinding grass. Example: cow

Question 26

Insectivore

Answer 26

Many small, pointed teeth for pulverizing their prey. Example: bats and shrews.

Question 27

Diaphragm

Answer 27

Muscular partition that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 28

Peristalsis

Answer 28

Rhythmic muscular contractions that propel solid and liquid food

Question 29

Stomach

Answer 29

Muscular organ responsible for the mechanical breakup of food.

Question 30

Spleen

Answer 30

Not part of digestive system. Part of the lymph and immune system. Filters blood, stores blood cells for emergencies, and produces antibodies that combat infection.

Question 31

Small intestine

Answer 31

Chemical breakdown and absorption of food into the blood stream